Internal class differences

Question 1

Becker’s study (interactionist)

Answer 1

labelling. 60 chicago high school teachers, they judged pupils based on how close they were to the ideal pupil. Mc more likely. wc as misbehaved

Question 2

Labelling in primary schools

Answer 2

Rist- teachers used info about pupils home background and appearance to place them into seperate groups.
Fast learners: tigers (mc, clean appearance) nearest to her and most encouragement
cardinal and clowns: furthest away from her. wc. lower- level books and fewer chance to show ability

Question 3

Rosenthal and Jacobson (self fulfilling prophecy)

Answer 3

told school they had a special test designed to find spurters. Actually IQ test. Picked 20% of pupils at random and falsely identified them as spurters.
1 year later, 47% of spurters made great progress.

Question 4

Rosenthal and Jacobson AO3

Answer 4

self fulfilling prophecy can produce underachievement. If teacher has low expectations. Pupil can give up.

Question 5

Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 5

WC more likely placed in lower streams. Denies them knowledge and opportunity and widens class gap. Link to publishing of league tables. It creates an A-C economy where schools focus time and resources on pupils with that potential to boost schools league position

Question 6

Educational triage

Answer 6

gillborn and youdell.
1. those who will pass anyway
2. those with potential who will be helped
3. hopeless cases, doomed to fail
teachers do this using stereotypical view of wc and black pupils as lacking ability. Self fulfilling prophecy

Question 7

Lacey

Answer 7

Differentiation- teachers categorising pupils based on their perception of behaviour/ability. eg streaming. Lower= inferior
polarisation- how pupils respond to streaming. 2 opposite poles. Pro and anti

Question 8

proschool subculture

Answer 8

high stream pupils. mc. Gain status through academic success

Question 9

anti school subculture

Answer 9

wc. loss of self esteem. inferior status. Label of failure causes them to search for other ways to gain status. Inverting schools values.

Question 10

what can joining a anti school subculture cause?

Answer 10

self- fulfilling prophecy of educational failure

Question 11

Ball’s study

Answer 11

comprehensive school abolished banding. Pupils polarising into subcultures largely removed. Differentiation continued. Mc had positive label- showed in exam results

Question 12

Woods (4 responses to labelling and streaming)

Answer 12

ingratiation- teachers pet
ritualism- going through motions to stay out of trouble
retreatism- daydreaming and mucking about
rebellion- rejection of everything school stands for

Question 13

Labelling theory ao3

Answer 13

determinism. Assumes they have no choice but to fulfil prophecy and fail (fullers study)
marxists- ignoring wider structures of power. Blames teachers but fails to explain why they do so.

Question 14

Habitus

Answer 14

learned ways of thinking, being and acting shared by a social class. Tastes and preferences about lifestyle and consumption

Question 15

symbolic capital

Answer 15

pupils socialised at home into mc values

Question 16

Archer

Answer 16

wc pupils felt to be educationally successful, have to change how they talk and present themselves. ‘losing yourself’

Question 17

Evans study

Answer 17

21 wc girls. strong attachment to locality. Only 4 intended to move away. self exclusion from elite universities.

Question 18

2 examples of relationship between internal and external

Answer 18

poverty= bullying and stigmatisatiob by peers
speech codes= teachers labelling