Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
What Are Intermolecular Forces?
Intermolecular Forces are Attractive Forces between Neighbouring Molecules (Weak compared to Ionic/Covalent Bonds)
What causes a Temporary Dipole?
A Temporary Dipole is caused by an unequal distribution of Electrons in the Electron Cloud, due to Electrons Constantly Moving
What Are Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces?
Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces are the forces that occur when a Temporary Dipole in one Molecule Induces a Temporary Dipole in a Neighbouring Molecule
What is the other name for Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces?
Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces are also known as London Forces
If there are more Electrons in a Molecule, are the Induced Dipole-Dipole forces Stronger or Weaker?
Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces are Greater when there are more Electrons in a Molecule
Define Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the Measure of Attraction of an Atom in a Covalent Molecule to the Bonding Pair of Electrons
What is a Permanent Dipole?
A Permanent Dipole is a (Small) Difference across a Bond due to a Difference in Electronegativities of the Bonded Atoms
What is a Polar Covalent Bond?
A Polar Covalent Bond is a Bond with a Permanent Dipole
What is a Polar Molecule?
A Polar Molecule is a Molecule with an Overall Dipole. It must be Non-Symmetrical with 𝛿+ and 𝛿- on Opposite Sides.
What are Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces?
Permanent Dipole-Dipole Forces are the Attractive Forces between Permanent Dipoles in Neighbouring Polar Molecules
What Are Hydrogen Bonds?
Hydrogen Bonds are Strong Dipole-Dipole forces between The Lone Pair of an Electronegative Element (NOF) in one Molecule and an Electron Deficient Hydrogen in another
What Elements can Hydrogen Bond?
The Elements that can Hydrogen Bond are: Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine
Why Does Ice Float in Water?
As Ice Melts, Hydrogen Bonds are Broken, therefore Ice has more Hydrogen Bonds than Water. These Gaps make it Less Dense
Why Does Water have a High Surface Tension and Viscosity?
Water has a High Surface Tension and Viscosity due to Hydrogen Bonds
When Drawing a Diagram of Hydrogen Bonding, What must you Label?
When Drawing Hydrogen Bond Diagrams, Include:
𝛿+ and 𝛿-
|||||||||| (Hydrogen Bond)
Label Hydrogen Bond
