Intermolecular Forces

Question 1

What are intramolecular forces?

Answer 1

Forces within a molecule.

Question 2

What bonds are intermolecular forces usually?

Answer 2

Covalent bonds.

Question 3

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 3

Forces between molecules.

Question 4

What are the three intermolecular forces?

Answer 4

Induced dipole-dipole forces, permanent dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.

Question 5

What are induced dipole-dipole forces and permanent dipole-dipole forces also known as?

Answer 5

Van der waals’ forces.

Question 6

What are permanent dipole-dipole forces?

Answer 6

Forces between 2 neighbouring molecules with a permanent dipole.

Question 7

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 7

A special type of permanent dipole-permanent dipole forces.

Question 8

What forces are stronger, intramolecular or intermolecular?

Answer 8

Intramolecular.

Question 9

Where do induced dipole-dipole forces exist?

Answer 9

Between all atoms and molecules.

Question 10

What are induced dipole-dipole forces caused by?

Answer 10

An instantaneous temporary dipole.

Question 11

What molecules have induced dipole-dipole forces?

Answer 11

Non-polar molecules.

Question 12

What causes a temporary dipole?

Answer 12

An electron charge cloud which is always moving causing more electrons on one side of the molecule than the other.

Question 13

What does an instantaneous temporary dipole and induced dipole make when bonded?

Answer 13

An instantaneous dipole-induced dipole.

Question 14

Why is the temporary dipole attracted to the induced dipole?

Answer 14

The delta positive side on one molecule is attracted to the delta negative side on the other molecule.

Question 15

How come instantaneous and induced dipoles are only temporary?

Answer 15

As the electron charged clouds are constantly moving.

Question 16

What makes an induced dipole-dipole force stronger and the molecule have a higher boiling point?

Answer 16

The greater than number of electrons the molecule has.

Question 17

What molecules have permanent dipoles?

Answer 17

Polar molecules.

Question 18

What do permanent dipoles always have?

Answer 18

A negative end and a positive end.

Question 19

What is attracted to each other in a permanent dipole-permanent dipole force?

Answer 19

The delta positive side in one molecule and the delta negative side and the other one.

Question 20

What are stronger, induced dipole forces or induced dipole forces?

Answer 20

Permanent dipole forces.

Question 21

Why do permanent dipole forces have a high boiling point?

Answer 21

Lots of energy is needed to break the intermolecular forces between the permanent dipoles.

Question 22

What properties does water have?

Answer 22

High melting and boiling point, high surface tension, polar, and less dense as a solid.

Question 23

Why does water have a high melting boiling point?

Answer 23

Due to the strong molecular forces of hydrogen bonding.

Question 24

What is the strongest form of intermolecular bonding?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonding.

Question 25

What is required for hydrogen bond to be a hydrogen bond?

Answer 25

An oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom bonded to hydrogen.

Question 26

What happens to a bond when hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine?

Answer 26

It becomes highly polarised with a delta positive on the hydrogen and delta negative on the other atom.

Question 27

What happens to the delta positive hydrogen in hydrogen bonding?

Answer 27

It becomes so positively charged it forms a bond with the lone pair on an atom from another molecule.

Question 28

How many hydrogen bonds can water form and why?

Answer 28

2 bonds, as oxygen has 2 lone pairs.

Question 29

What determines how many hydrogen bonds a molecule can form?

Answer 29

The number of lone pairs it has.