Intermodal Perception

Question 1

What is natural familiarity?

Answer 1

Stimuli experience in natural environment

Question 2

What is lab-induced familiarity?

Answer 2

Exposing infants to stimulus until habituation

Question 3

What type of preference will long or repeated exposure created?

Answer 3

Repeated exposure = novelty effect

Question 3

In lab-induced familiarity, what type of exposure will lend itself to familiarity preference?

Answer 3

Short exposure = familiarity effect

Question 4

What are the ways we create meaning out of perception?

Answer 4

1. Intermodal perception
2. Categorization

Question 5

What is intermodal perception?

Answer 5

Coordinating perception of a singular object through 2+ sensory systems.

Question 6

When does intermodal perception appear?

Answer 6

At birth

Question 7

Can infants combine tactile & visual information. What study was performed?

Answer 7

Study on whether newborns can integrate vision and touch. Habituation phase where infants are familiarized with different pacifiers. Using the preferential looking paradigm, infants saw pictures of pacifiers they had sucked on vs. other pacifiers. Results indicates that infants preferred familiar pacifier = intermodal perception

Question 8

Can infants combine vision and auditory information. What study was performed?

Answer 8

Study on whether infants can combine sounds and vision. Using a preferential looking paradigm, 4 months old were simultaneously shown two videos (drums and peekaboo), but only drum audio was synchronized. Results showed that infants looked longer at peekaboo video, indicates intermodal perception.

Question 9

When do infants begin categorizing?

Answer 9

As early as 3m old, using habituation paradigm

Question 10

What study was performed on 3m old and categorization?

Answer 10

Infants were habituated to cats, then in test phase were shown cats or dogs image, they looked longer at dogs meaning they categorized them in two different categories.

Question 11

What study was performed on 6m old and categorization?

Answer 11

Infants were habituated to images of mammals, then in test trials were shown pictures of non-mammals like birds. Results shown that infants had already formed categories for mammals vs. non-mammals

Question 12

What is perceptual categorization?

Answer 12

Ability for infants to group together things that are similar in appearances, special focus on shape.

Question 13

What study was done on perceptual categorization and prioritization of shapes?

Answer 13

Infants watched the experimenter pick up objects and make it rattle. Infants picked up objects that were similar in shapes, thinking they would also rattle.

Question 14

What are the two pitfalls of perceptual categorization?

Answer 14

1. Difficulties understanding exception (e.g. think that snails are not animals because they have no legs)
2. Mistakenly categorizing objects together (e.g. birds and planes are in the same category)

Question 15

At what age do conceptual categorization begin?

Answer 15

9 months olds begin to categorize object’s based on shared functions or behavior

Question 16

At 9 months, what are the three broad categories?

Answer 16

Humans, animals and objects

Question 17

What are the two ways that categorization is helpful?

Answer 17

1. Simplifies the world
2. Make fairly good educated guesses about objects in the same category

Question 18

At what age are categories hierarchies formed?

Answer 18

2–3 years old

Question 19

What are the three category hierarchies?

Answer 19

Subordinate, basic and superordinate levels

Question 20

Before 9 months of age, how are objects categorized?

Answer 20

Categorized using perception

Question 21

After 9 months of age, how are objects categorized?

Answer 21

Categorized using concepts