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Intermediate Spanish Ch. 7 > Intermediate Spanish Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Intermediate Spanish Ch. 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

THE PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

A

THE PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

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2
Q

The present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) is formed with the present subjunctive of haber and a past participle.

A

True

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3
Q

Cerrar - close

A

Haya cerrado, hayas cerrado, haya cerrado, hayamos cerrado, hayáis cerrado, hayan cerrado

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4
Q

Perder-to lose

A

Haya perdido, hayas perdido, haya perdido, hayamos perdido, hayáis perdido, hayan perdido

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5
Q

Asistir-attend

A

Haya asistido, hayas asistido, haya asistido, hayamos asistido, hayáis asistido, hayan asistido

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6
Q

The present perfect subjunctive is used to refer to recently completed actions or past actions that still bear relevance in the present. It is used mainly in the subordinate clause of a sentence whose main clause expresses will, emotion, doubt, or uncertainty.

A

True

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7
Q

Present perfect indicative

A

Present perfect indicative

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8
Q

Luis me dijo que ha dejado de ver ese programa.

A

Luis told me that he has stopped watching that show.

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9
Q

Present perfect subjunctive

A

Present perfect subjunctive

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10
Q

Me alegro de que Luis haya dejado de ver ese programa.

A

I’m glad that Luis has stopped watching that show.

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11
Q

Present subjunctive

A

Present subjunctive

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12
Q

Las cadenas nacionales buscan corresponsales que hablen varios idiomas.

A

The national networks are looking for correspondents who speak several languages.

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13
Q

Present perfect subjunctive

A

Present perfect subjunctive

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14
Q

Prefieren contratar a los que hayan trabajado en el extranjero.

A

They prefer to hire those who have worked abroad.

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15
Q

Past Subjunctive

A

Past subjunctive

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16
Q

Antes, insistían en que los solicitantes tuvieran cinco años de experiencia.

A

In the past, they insisted that applicants have five years of experience.

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17
Q

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

A

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

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18
Q

Que (that, which, who) is the most frequently used relative pronoun (pronombre relativo). It can refer to people or things, subjects or objects, and can be used in restrictive clauses (no commas) or nonrestrictive clauses (with commas). Note that although some relative pronouns may be omitted in English, they must always be used in Spanish.

A

True

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19
Q

El reportaje que vi ayer me hizo cambiar de opinión sobre la guerra.

A

The report (that) I saw last night made me change my opinion on the war.

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20
Q

Las primeras diez personas que respondan correctamente ganarán una suscriptción gratuita.

A

The first ten people who respond correctly will win a free subscription.

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21
Q

El desastre fur causado por la lluvia, que ha durado más de dos semanas.

A

The disaster was caused by the rain, which has lasted over two weeks.

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22
Q

After prepositions, que follows the definite article: el que, la que, los que, or las que. The article must agree in gender and number with the antecedent (the noun or pronoun it refers to). When referring to things (but not people), the article may be omitted after short prepositions, such as en, de, and con.

A

True

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23
Q

Los periódicos para los que escribo son independientes.

A

The newspapers I write for are independent. (Lit: for which I write)

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24
Q

El edificio en (el) que viven es viejo.

A

The building they live in is old. (Lit: for which they live)

25
Q

La fotógrafa con la que trabajo ganó varios premios.

A

The photographer with whom I work won several awards.

26
Q

El que, la que, los que, and las que are also used for clarification in nonrestrictive clauses (with commas) when it might be unclear to what or whom the clause refers.

A

True

27
Q

Hablé con los periodistas de la revista, los que entrevistaron a Juanes.

A

I spoke with the reporters from the magazine, the ones who interviewed Juanes.

28
Q

Hablé con los perodistas de la revista, la que entrevistó a Juanes.

A

I spoke with the reporters from the magazine, (the one) that interviewed Juanes.

29
Q

El cual, la cual, los cuales, and las cuales are generally interchangeable with el que, la que, los que, and las que after prepositions. They are often used in more formal speech or writing. Note that when el cual and its forms are used, the definite article is never ommited.

A

True

30
Q

Esa es la calle por la cual se va al teatro.

A

That is the street through which you can get to the theater.

31
Q

La revista para la cual trabajo es muy influyente.

A

The magazine for which I work is very influential.

32
Q

Quien (singular) and quienes (plural) only refer to people. Quien(es) can generally be replaced by forms of el que and el cual, although the reverse is not always true.

A

True

33
Q

Las periodistas de quienes te hablé son de Caracas.

A

The journalists (who) I told you about are from Caracas.

34
Q

El investigador de quien (del que/del cual) hablaron era mi profesor.

A

The researcher (whom) they spoke about was my professor.

35
Q

Although que and quien(es) may both refer to people, their use depends on the structure of the sentence.

A

True

36
Q

In restrictive clauses (no commas) that refer to people, que is used if no preposition or a personal a is present. If a preposition or the personal a is present, quien (or el que/el cual) is used instead. Below, que is equivalent to who, while quien expresses whom.

A

True

37
Q

La gente que quiere informarse lee la prensa.

A

People who want to be informal read the news.

38
Q

Los políticos a quienes (a los que/a los cuales) queremos entrevistar creen en la libertad de prensa.

A

The politicians (who/that) we want to interview believe in the freedom of the press.

39
Q

In nonrestrictive clauses (with commas) that refer to people, quien (or el que/el cual) is used. However, in spoken Spanish, que can also be used.

A

True

40
Q

Juan y María, quienes trabajan conmigo, escriben la sección deportiva.

A

Juan and María, who work with me, write the sports section.

41
Q

The relative adjective cuyo (cuya, cuyos, cuyas) means whose and agrees in number and gender with the noun it precedes. Remember that de quién(es), not cuyo is used in questions to express whose.

A

True

42
Q

El reportero, cuyo artículo ganó el premio Pullitzer, viajará a Chiapas.

A

The reporter, whose article won the Pullitzer prize, will travel to Chiapas.

43
Q

La fotógrafa Daniela Pérez, cuyas fotos de Medellín fueron publicadas en EL país, viajará con él.

A

Photographer Daniela Pérez, whose photos of Medellín were published in El país, will travel with him.

44
Q

THE NEUTER LO

A

THE NEUTER LO

45
Q

The definite articles el, la, los, and las modify masculine or feminine nouns. The neuter article lo is used to refer to concepts that have no gender.

A

True

46
Q

In Spanish, the construction lo + [masculine singular adjective] is used to express general characteristics and abstract ideas. The English equivalent of this construction is the + [adjective] + thing.

A

True

47
Q

Cuando leo las noticias, lo difícil es diferenciar entre el hecho y la opinión.

A

When I read the news, the difficult thing is differentiating between fact and opinion.

48
Q

Lo bueno de ser periodista es que te pagan por decir la verdad.

A

The good thing about being a journalist is that you get paid to tell the truth.

49
Q

To express the idea of the most or the least, más and menos can be added after lo. Lo mejor and lo peor mean the best/worst (thing).

A

True

50
Q

Para ser un buen reportero, lo más importante es ser imparcial.

A

The most important thing about being a good reporter is to be unbiased.

51
Q

¡Aún no te he contado lo peor!

A

I still haven’t told you the worst part!

52
Q

The construction lo + [adjective or adverb] + que is used to express the English how + [adjective]. In these cases, the adjective agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies.

A

True

53
Q

Lo + [adjective] + que

A

Lo + [adjective] + que

54
Q

¿No te das cuenta de lo bella que eres, María Fernanda?

A

María Fernanda, don’t you realize how beautiful you are?

55
Q

Lo + [adverb] + que

A

Lo + [adverb] + que

56
Q

Recuerda lo bien que te fue el año pasado en su clase.

A

Remember how well you did last year in his class.

57
Q

Lo que is equivalent to the English what, that, or which. It is used to refer to an idea, or to a previously mentioned situation or concept.

A

True

58
Q

¿Qué fue lo que más te gustó de tu viaje a Uruguay?

A

What was the thing that you enjoyed most about your trip to Uruguay?

59
Q

Lo que más me gustó fue el Carnaval de Montevideo.

A

What I liked best was the Montevideo Carnival.

Intermediate Spanish Ch. 7 (4 decks)

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