Intermediate Spanish Ch. 7 Flashcards
Si es tan amable, ¿me da su firmita?
If you would be so kind as to give me your signature…
Fue sólo una pequeñisima sobredosis de euforia.
It was just a tiny overdose of euphoria.
Un segundito.
Just a second. (Lit. a tiny second)
¿Y está en esa caja tan grandota?
And is it in that huge box?
Nada ha cambiado.
Nothing has changed.
¿Alguna vez se han preguntado…?
Have you ever asked yourselves…?
Nada había cambiado.
Nothing had changed.
Nunca se había desmayado nadie.
No one had ever fainted before.
El agujerito
Small hole
Alta definción
High definition
La conexión de satélite.
Satellite connection
El control remoto universal
Universal remote control
El desorden
Commotion; mess
Funcionar
To work
La herramienta
Tool
La imagen
Image
Instaler
To install
La luz
Power; electricity
La pantalla
Screen
Rodeado/a
Surrounded
Así lo decimos
That is how we say it
Las caricaturas (Col.), los dibujitos (Arg.), los muñequitos (Cu.)
Cartoons
Las películas CG
CG movies
El/la laptop, la notebook (Arg.), el portátil (Esp.)
Laptop
El computador (Col. y Chi.), el ordenador (Esp.)
Computer
El mouse, el ratón (Esp. y Pe.)
Mouse
Animación y computación
Animation and computing
Útil vocabulario
Useful vocabulary
La birome (Arg.)
Ballpoint pen
El frasco
Bottle
La jeringa descartable
Disposable syringe
La pluma
Fountain pen
La sangre
Blood
El sobterráneo
Subway
La tinta
Ink
THE PRESENT PERFECT
THE PRESENT PERFECT
In Spanish, as in English, the present perfect tense (el pretérito perfecto) expresses what has happened. It generally refers to recently completed actions or to a past that still bears relevance in the present.
True
Mi jefe ha decidido que a partir de esta semana hay que comunicarse por Internet y no gastar en llamadas internacionales.
My boss has decided that, as of this week, we have to communicate via the internet rather than spend money on international calls.
Juan ha terminado la carrera de ingeniería, pero aún no ha decidido qué tipo de trabajo quiere hacer.
Juan has graduated with an engineering degree but he still hasn’t decided what kind of job he wants to do.
The present perfect is formed with the present tense of the verb haber and a past participle. Regular past participles are formed by adding -ado to the stem of -ar verbs, and -ido to the stem of -er and -ir verbs.
True
Comprar (to buy)
He comprado, has comprado, ha comprado, hemos comprado, habéis comprado, and han comprado
Beber (to drink)
He bebido, has bebido, ha bebido, hemos bebido, habéis bebido, and han bebido
Recibir (to recieve)
He recibido, has recibido, ha recibido, hemos recibido, habéis recibido, and han recibido
Past participles do not change form in the present perfect tense.
True
Todavía no hemos comprado las computadoras nuevas.
We still haven’t bought the new computers.
La bióloga aún no ha subido su trabajo a la nube.
The biologist hasn’t uploaded her research project to the cloud yet.
To express that something has just happened, use acabar de + [infinitive] acabar is a regular -ar verb.
True
Acabo de tuitear una noticia muy interesante.
I’ve just twitted a very interesting news article.
¡Acabamos de ver un ovni!
We just saw a UFO!
When the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a, e, or o, the past participle requires a written accent (ido) to maintain the correct stress. No accent mark is needed for stems ending in u.
True
Ca-er < caído, le-er < leído, o-ír < oído constru-ir < construído
True
Many verbs have irregular past participles.
True
Abrir (to open)
Abierto
Cubrir (to cover)
Cubierto
Decir (to say)
Dicho
Descubrir (to discover)
Descubierto
Escribir (to write)
Escrito
Hacer (to make)
Hecho
Morir (to die)
Muerto
Poner (to put)
Puesto
Resolver (to solve)
Resuelto
Romper (to break in)
Roto
Ver (to see)
Visto
Volver (to back on)
Vuelto
Le llamo porque he escrito cuatro mensajes por correo electrónico y todavía no me han resuelto el problema.
I’m calling because I have written four e-mails and you still haven’t solved my problem.
El ingeniero me asegura que ya ha visto sus mensajes y dice que muy pronto lo llamará.
The engineer assures me that he has seen your e-mails and says he will call you very soon.
Unlike in English, the verb haber may not be separated from the past participle by any other word (no, adverbs, pronouns, etc.)
True
¿Por qué no has patentado todavía tu invento?
Why haven’t you patented your invention yet?
Todavía no he terminado el prototipo.
I haven’t finished the prototype yet.
When a past participle is used as an adjective, it must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. Past participles are often used as adjectives with estar or other verbs to describe physical or emotional states.
True
Esa fórmula matemática está equivocada.
That mathematical formula is wrong.
Los laboratorios están cerrados hasta el lunes.
The laboratories are closed until Monday.
THE PAST PERFECT
THE PAST PERFECT
The past perfect tense (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) is formed with the imperfect of haber and a past participle. As with other perfect tenses, the past participle does not change form.
True
Viajar (to travel)
Había viajado, habías viajado, había viajado, habíamos viajado, habíais viajado, and habían viajado
Perder (to lose)
Había perdido, habías perdido, había perdido, habíamos perdido, habíais perdido, and habían perdido
Incluir (to include)
Había incluido, habías incluido, había incluido, habíamos incluido, habíais incluido, and habían incluido
In spanish, as in English, the past perfect expresses what someone had done or what had occured before another action or condition in the past.
True
Decidí comprar una cámara digital nueva porque la vieja se me había roto varias veces.
I decided to buy a new digital camera because my old one had broken several times.
Cuando por fin les dieron la patente, otros ingenieros ya habían inventado una tecnología mejor.
When they were finally given the patent, other engineers had already invented a better technology.
Antes, aún, nunca, todavía, and ya are often used with the past perfect to indicate that one action occured before another. Note that adverbs, pronouns, and the word no may not separate haber from the past participle.
True
Cuando se fue la luz, aún no había guardado los cambios en el documento.
When the power went out, I hadn’t yet saved the changes to the document.
María Eugenia y Gisela nunca habían visto una estrella fugaz tan luminosa.
María Eugenia y Gisela had never seen such a bright shooting star.
Ya me había explicado la teoría pero no la entendí hasta que vi el experimento.
He had already explained the theory to me, but I didn’t understand it until I saw the experiment.
El artista todavía no había dibujado el ovni, pero ya lo tenía en la cabeza.
The artist hadn’t yet drawn the UFO, but he already had it in his mind.
DIMINUTIVES AND AUGMENTATIVES
DIMINUTIVES AND AUGMENTATIVES
Diminutives and augmentatives (diminutivos y aumentativos) are frequently used in conversational Spanish. They emphasize size or express shades of meaning like affection, amazement, scorn, or ridicule. Diminutives and augmentatives are formed by adding a suffix to the root of nouns, adjectives (which agree in gender and number), and occasionally adverbs.
True
Diminutive endings
-ito/a, -illo/a, -cito/a, -cillo/a, -ecito/a, and -ecillo/a
Jaimito, ¿me traes un cafecito con un panecillo?
Jimmy, would you bring me a little cup of coffee with a roll?
Ahorita, abuelita, se los preparo rapidito.
Right away, Granny, I’ll have them ready in a jiffy.
Most words form the diminutive by adding -ito/a. However, the suffix -illo/a is also common in some regions. For words ending in vowels (except -e), the last vowel is dropped before the suffix.
True
Bajo
Bajito very short; very quietly
