Intermediate Friction Ridge Analysis II

Question 1

The ______ is a process where visual comparative measurements, and sometimes physical comparative measurements, are made between the latent and exemplar prints.

Answer 1

Comparison

Question 2

Details in two prints are in agreement based on ___,___, and ____ (SSS).

Answer 2

Similarity, Sequence, and Spatial Relationship

Question 3

What level of detail is a class characteristic?

Answer 3

First Level Detail

Question 4

During comparison, If dissimilar shapes are found, which cannot be explained, the print is _______.

Answer 4

eliminated

Question 5

Second level detail is ______ and are therefore _____ to individualize.

Answer 5

Unique, Sufficient

Question 6

Scars, incipient ridges, and flexion creases are _____ level detail.

Answer 6

Third Level Detail

Question 7

Used in concert with ____ level detail, ____ level detail has tremendous individualizing power.

Answer 7

Second, Third

Question 8

Specific paths of scars, incipient ridges, and flexion creases are considered ____ level detail.

Answer 8

Second

Question 9

Even though friction ridge prints are physical evidence, the comparison of this evidence is a ______ process.

Answer 9

Mental

Question 10

Physical data concerning friction ridge configuration is taken from the physical realm and __________ is relocated in the mental realm of the brain.

Answer 10

Through the eyes

Question 11

What are 3 phenomena related to human sight?(PSA)

Answer 11

Perceptual Hypothesis
Subjective Reasoning
Area Vision

Question 12

______ is a process in which the visual system entertains differing views, but never settles on a solution.

Answer 12

Perceptual Hypothesis

Question 13

When the brain receives a new coded message, it arrives in the form of a ________.

Answer 13

Hypothesis

Question 14

Expecting to see something based on past knowledge or suggestion can cause errors with recognition or identification. This is known as ______.

Answer 14

Subjective Reasoning

Question 15

The brain is constantly surveying and does not concentrate on one spot for any length of time. It scans areas to fulfill its desire for organization and shape recognition. This is known as _______.

Answer 15

Area Vision

Question 16

The latent print should always be analyzed ____ to ensure objectivity and prevent contamination through previous knowledge.

Answer 16

First

Question 17

Criteria for conclusion require the ability to answer “yes” to two questions. What are they?

Answer 17

Are the friction ridge formations in the latent and the exemplar in agreement?

Is there sufficient uniqueness to individualize?

Question 18

Define Individualization.

Answer 18

Individualization of an impression to one source is the decision that the likelihood the impression was made by another source is so remote that it is considered as a practical impossibility.

Question 19

The verification should be a blind ______.

Answer 19

Peer review

Question 20

What are 6 factors to consider when documenting the comparison?

Answer 20

Ridge path
furrows
Major Ridge Path deviations
Sequence
Area of Slippage
Amount of slippage

Question 21

_____ is the use of pores, in conjunction with other friction ridge formations, for individualization.

Answer 21

Poroscopy

Question 22

______, a French criminologist and pioneer in forensic science, established the science of Poroscopy in 1912 following a burglary

Answer 22

Dr. Edmond Locard

Question 23

____ & ____ published their book, Personal Identification. The book is credited with being the first scientific research to support third level detail as unique and permanent.

Answer 23

Harris Hawthorne Wilder & Bert Wentworth

Question 24

What are 2 methods for comparing relative pore locations?

Answer 24

First-When pores are located on and around major path deviations
Second-Using an overlay to compare pore location

Question 25

______ coined the term “Edgeoscopy” in a paper titled Fingerprints and Identification, published in 1962.

Answer 25

Salil Kumar Chatterjee

Question 26

Chatterjee noted several shapes along the edges of friction ridges that were reoccurring. What was Chatterjee’s theory/idea?

Answer 26

Chatterjee’s theory or idea was to use those edge, in conjunction with other friction ridge formations, for individualization.

Question 27

What are 8 terms used by Chatterjee for the shapes he observed?

Answer 27

Straight
Convex
Peak
Table
Pocket
Concave
Angle
Other

Question 28

____ is the study of the uniqueness of friction ridge structures and their use for personal identification.

Answer 28

Ridgeology

Question 29

What 7 components make up the ridgeology formula?

Answer 29

Scientific Basis
Identification Process
Clarity
Protocol
Philosophy
Methodology
Verification

Question 30

What is the scientific basis of friction skin identification?

Answer 30

Anatomy
Genetics
Embryology
Biology
Dermatoglyphics

Question 31

The identification process represented in the ridgeology formula consists of ___,___,___, and ___.

Answer 31

Protocol, Philosophy, Methodology, Verification

Question 32

_____ is a systematic, structured, and scientific approach to an objective and unbiased identification.

Answer 32

Protocol

Question 33

What is the Philosophy of friction ridge identification?

Answer 33

Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient uniqueness to individualize.

Question 34

According to Locard, the sweat pores vary in several ways and can be used for comparison. How can sweat pores vary?

Answer 34

In size, form, position, and frequency.