Intermediate Friction Ridge Analysis II Flashcards
The ______ is a process where visual comparative measurements, and sometimes physical comparative measurements, are made between the latent and exemplar prints.
Comparison
Details in two prints are in agreement based on ___,___, and ____ (SSS).
Similarity, Sequence, and Spatial Relationship
What level of detail is a class characteristic?
First Level Detail
During comparison, If dissimilar shapes are found, which cannot be explained, the print is _______.
eliminated
Second level detail is ______ and are therefore _____ to individualize.
Unique, Sufficient
Scars, incipient ridges, and flexion creases are _____ level detail.
Third Level Detail
Used in concert with ____ level detail, ____ level detail has tremendous individualizing power.
Second, Third
Specific paths of scars, incipient ridges, and flexion creases are considered ____ level detail.
Second
Even though friction ridge prints are physical evidence, the comparison of this evidence is a ______ process.
Mental
Physical data concerning friction ridge configuration is taken from the physical realm and __________ is relocated in the mental realm of the brain.
Through the eyes
What are 3 phenomena related to human sight?(PSA)
Perceptual Hypothesis
Subjective Reasoning
Area Vision
______ is a process in which the visual system entertains differing views, but never settles on a solution.
Perceptual Hypothesis
When the brain receives a new coded message, it arrives in the form of a ________.
Hypothesis
Expecting to see something based on past knowledge or suggestion can cause errors with recognition or identification. This is known as ______.
Subjective Reasoning
The brain is constantly surveying and does not concentrate on one spot for any length of time. It scans areas to fulfill its desire for organization and shape recognition. This is known as _______.
Area Vision
The latent print should always be analyzed ____ to ensure objectivity and prevent contamination through previous knowledge.
First
Criteria for conclusion require the ability to answer “yes” to two questions. What are they?
Are the friction ridge formations in the latent and the exemplar in agreement?
Is there sufficient uniqueness to individualize?
Define Individualization.
Individualization of an impression to one source is the decision that the likelihood the impression was made by another source is so remote that it is considered as a practical impossibility.
The verification should be a blind ______.
Peer review
What are 6 factors to consider when documenting the comparison?
Ridge path furrows Major Ridge Path deviations Sequence Area of Slippage Amount of slippage
_____ is the use of pores, in conjunction with other friction ridge formations, for individualization.
Poroscopy
______, a French criminologist and pioneer in forensic science, established the science of Poroscopy in 1912 following a burglary
Dr. Edmond Locard
____ & ____ published their book, Personal Identification. The book is credited with being the first scientific research to support third level detail as unique and permanent.
Harris Hawthorne Wilder & Bert Wentworth
What are 2 methods for comparing relative pore locations?
First-When pores are located on and around major path deviations
Second-Using an overlay to compare pore location
______ coined the term “Edgeoscopy” in a paper titled Fingerprints and Identification, published in 1962.
Salil Kumar Chatterjee
Chatterjee noted several shapes along the edges of friction ridges that were reoccurring. What was Chatterjee’s theory/idea?
Chatterjee’s theory or idea was to use those edge, in conjunction with other friction ridge formations, for individualization.
What are 8 terms used by Chatterjee for the shapes he observed?
Straight Convex Peak Table Pocket Concave Angle Other
____ is the study of the uniqueness of friction ridge structures and their use for personal identification.
Ridgeology
What 7 components make up the ridgeology formula?
Scientific Basis Identification Process Clarity Protocol Philosophy Methodology Verification
What is the scientific basis of friction skin identification?
Anatomy Genetics Embryology Biology Dermatoglyphics
The identification process represented in the ridgeology formula consists of ___,___,___, and ___.
Protocol, Philosophy, Methodology, Verification
_____ is a systematic, structured, and scientific approach to an objective and unbiased identification.
Protocol
What is the Philosophy of friction ridge identification?
Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient uniqueness to individualize.
According to Locard, the sweat pores vary in several ways and can be used for comparison. How can sweat pores vary?
In size, form, position, and frequency.
