Fingerprint Classification Flashcards
Fingerprints may be resolved into three large general groups of patterns. What are they?
Loops
Whorls
Arches
What are 2 subgroups of a Loop?
Radial Loop
Ulnar Loop
What are 4 subgroups of a Whorl?
Plain Whorl
Central Pocket Loop Whorl
Double Loop Whorl
Accidental Whorl
What are 2 subgroups of a Arch?
Plain arch
Tented Arch
The pattern area is defined as:
“That part of a loop or whorl in which appear the cores, deltas, and ridges with which we are concerned in classifying.”
The _____ are the two innermost ridges, which start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.
Type Lines
When there is a definite break in a type line, the ridge immediately _____ of it is considered its continuation.
Outside
A ________ is the forking or dividing of one line into two or more branches.
Bifurcation
A ________ is the spreading apart of two lines which have been running parallel or nearly parallel
Divergence
How are angles formed?
The abutting of one ridge against another.
The _____ may be defined as that point on a ridge at or in front of and nearest the center of the divergence of the type lines.
Delta
When there are two or more possible deltas, the one nearest the _____ is chosen.
Core
When there is a choice between a bifurcation and another type of delta, equally close to the point of divergence, the ______ is selected.
Bifurcation
The Core is the approximate _____ of the finger impression.
Center
___________ is defined as that part of a recurving ridge between the shoulders of a loop. It must be free of any appendages abutting upon the outside of the recurve at a right angle.
Sufficient Recurve
The ________ of a loop are the points at which the recurving ridge definitely turn inward or curve.
Shoulders
What are the 3 Essentials of a loop? (DSR)
Delta
Sufficient Recurve
Ridge Count across a looping ridge
A _______ is that type of fingerprint pattern in which one or more of the ridges enter on either side of the impression, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core, and terminate or tend to terminate on or toward the same side of the impression from whence such ridge or ridges entered.
A Loop
A Loop Pattern constitutes about ___ % of all prints
65%
Loops which flow in the direction of the _____ bone (toward the little finger) are called Ulnar loops.
Ulnar
Loops which flow in the direction of the ____ bone (toward the thumb) are called Radial Loops.
Radius
A _______ is that type of pattern in which at least two deltas are present with a recurve in front of each.
Whorl
The Whorl Pattern constitutes about ___% of all prints.
30%
The _____ Whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas MUST touch or cross at least one of the recurving ridges within the inner pattern area.
Plain Whorl
The “______” is determined by drawing an imaginary line between the delta and the center of the innermost recurving ridge.
“Line of Flow”
The _________ Whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas MUST NOT touch or cross any of the recurving ridges within the inner pattern area.
The Central Pocket Loop Whorl
The _______ Whorl consists of two separate loop formations, with two separate and distinct sets of shoulders and two deltas.
The Double Loop Whorl
The _______ Whorl is a pattern consisting of a combination of two different types of pattern, with the exception of the plain arch, with two or more deltas.
Accidental whorl
If a ridge traced passes inside of (above) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the delta, the tracing is designated as an “____” -
“inner” - I
If a ridge traced passes outside (below) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the right delta, the tracing is designated as an “____” -
“Outer” - O
If a ridge traced has less than three ridges intervening between the tracing ridge and the delta, the tracing is designated as an “_____” -
“Meeting” - M
Whorl tracing begins at the _________ delta.
Extreme Left Delta
The Arch Pattern constitutes approximately ___% of all prints.
5%
List 3 types of tented arches:
- Ridges form an angle of 90 Degrees or less
- An up-thrust of 45 Degrees or more
- 2/3 of a Loop
In Henry Classification, Ulnar Loops in any finger are designated by a _________.
Diagonal Line slanting in the directions of the loop
In Henry Classification, Whorls in any Finger are designated by the letter “__”.
W
When no whorl appears in a set of impressions, the primary would be _____.
1 over 1
When all fingers appear as whorls in a set of impressions, the primary would be _____.
32 over 32
If a finger is considered a Radial Loop, you should determine the actual ridge count and add _____.
Fifty (50)
Missing/Amputated Fingers are labeled as ____
XX
Completely scarred or mutilated patterns are labeled ___
SR
Within the pattern areas of loops and whorls are enclosed the focal points which are used to classify them. These points are called ____ and ____.
Delta and Core
When the innermost sufficient recurve contains no ending ridge or rod rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed on the shoulder of the loop _____.
Furthest from the delta.
When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the ______
Center Rod
When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an even number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed up on the end of the ______
Farther of the two center rods.
The ________ is the number of ridges intervening between the delta and the core.
Ridge Count
