Interleukins, Interferons, Cytokines (First Aid 2014)

Question 1

Interleukins secreted by macrophages.

Answer 1

IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12
TNFa

Question 2

IL-1

Answer 2

Secreted by macrophages.
Causes fever, acute inflammation. Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules; induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.

Question 3

IL-6

Answer 3

Secreted by macrophages.
Causes fever and stimulates production
of acute-phase proteins.

Also secreted by Th2 cells.

Question 4

IL-8

Answer 4

Secreted by macrophages.

Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils. (Clean up on IL-8)

Question 5

IL-12

Answer 5

Secreted by macrophages.
Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells.
Activates NK cells.

Also secreted by B cells.

Question 6

SECRETED BY ALL T CELLS

Answer 6

IL-2

IL-3

Question 7

IL-2

Answer 7

Secreted by all T cells

Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells.

Question 8

IL-3

Answer 8

Secreted by all T cells.

Supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF.

Question 9

Mnemonic for IL#1-6?

Answer 9

“Hot T-bone stEAK”:

IL-1: fever (Hot).
IL-2: stimulates T cells.
IL-3: stimulates Bone marrow.
IL-4: stimulates IgE production.
IL-5: stimulates IgA production.
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production.

Question 10

FROM Th1 CELLS

Answer 10

IFNg

(IL-2; IL-3) secreted by all T cells

Question 11

FROM Th2 CELLS

Answer 11

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
(IL-2,3) secreted from all Tcells.

Question 12

IL-4

Answer 12

Secreted from Th2 cells.
Induces differentiation into Th2 cells.
Promotes growth of B cells.
Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.

Question 13

IL-5

Answer 13

Secreted from Th2 cells.
Promotes differentiation of B cells.
Enhances class switching to IgA.
Stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.

Question 14

IL-10

Answer 14

Secreted from Th2 cells.
Modulates inflammatory response.
Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1.

Also secreted by regulatory T cells.

Question 15

INF alpha and INF beta

Answer 15

INTerferes with all viruses.

A part of innate host defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. Interferons are glycoproteins synthesized by viral-infected cells that act locally on uninfected cells, “priming them” for viral defense. When a virus infects “primed” cells, viral dsRNA activates:

RNAase L –> degradation of viral/host mRNA.
Protein kinase –> inhibition of viral/host protein synthesis.
Essentially results in apoptosis, thereby interrupting viral amplification.