Intergroup Identities Flashcards
the collection of self- representations one has of
oneself
self- concept
Aspects of one’s self-concept unique to
the individual person
personal identity
Aspects of one’s self-concept rooted in
one’s roles vis-a-vie other people (e.g., sibling)
relational identity
Aspects of one’s self-concept
connected to group memberships or social categories
* Race/ethnicity; Culture; Religion; Sexual orientation
social identity
the aspects of the self-concept
brought to mind by the situation or by personal needs
working self-identity
What does white identity management refer to? what are 2 psychological threats of it?
- it refers to privilege of white people
- possibility that accomplishments in life are not fully earned (I’m assuming due to privilege)
- association with a group that benefits from unfair social advantages
What are 3 common identity management strategies of white identity?
- Deny: existence of privileged
- Distance: from self-concept of ‘white’ identity
- dismantle: strive to tear down systems of privledge
Is identity static? what does it depend on?
No, the context changes how we define ourselves, our identity is responsive to context
view identity in a positive light; this concept is extended to groups we belong to
Identity protection
distinguish their identity as unique and
distinct from other identities or groups
distinctiveness
How is distinctiveness apparent in homogenous groups?
even in homogenous places, groups will emerge and seek distinctiveness
need to feel a sense of connection between one’s past, present, and future identities
continuity
In terms of identity, what is continuity?
the desire to have a coherent narrative story line about one’s identity
need to find significance or purpose (often via or involving identity)
meaning
seek to define the
meaning of the identity, who belongs (and doesn’t), and what the group wants (and does not want) to achieve
Entrepreneurs of Identity
What type of motivation?
- People engage in behaviors based on perceptions of what ‘we’ do
- Shifts in understanding of identity-definition can be associated with both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ behaviors
Identity-based motivation
How is geography related to groups and intergroup relations?
- behavior is rooted in the geography of groups and intergroup relations
- in every place, there will be groups you belong to and groups you do not belong to
a social group which an individual perceives
themselves as belonging (“us”)
in-group
a social group to which an individual does not
perceive themselves as belonging to (“them”)
out-group
What type of culture?
more likely to place importance on distinguishing self vs. others (compared to in-group vs. out-group) and strive for independence
independent/ individualistic cultures
What type of culture!
more likely to place importance on distinguishing in-group vs. out-groups
(compared to self vs. others) and strive for
interconnectedness to meet needs of the in-group
interdependent/ collectivist cultures
How does being a high/low group member affect that members behavior/responsiveness?
low and high identified group members will differentially respond to group-based events, such that those with high identification will be more responsive to group-based events
the psychological tendency
to have positive predispositions, favor, and
preference one’s in-group over out-groups
in-group favoritism
Implicitly view in-group as “good” and other side as “bad” (or at least less good)
in-group favoritism
Levels of trust for in group vs out group
individuals report
greater trust for in-groups vs. out-groups and
greater anxiety, fear, and anger toward out-group (compared to in-groups)
empathy is a motivated phenomenon in which observers are driven to either experience or avoid empathy
Motivated Empathy
Factors that increase motivation to experience empathy: (2)
- affiliation/identification with targets
- social desirability
factors that decrease motivation to experience empathy:
- Cost (time, money, social)
- Interference with competition (sports, war, business)
he belief that our perspective of
the way things are is the way the world truly is
(objective reality)
Naive realism
intergroup disagreement
if you believe your group sees the truth, then yo believe that the other side is ___________
crazy or needs to be educated
what are 3 key aspects about the Conflict-supporting mindset (for outgroup):
- Negative beliefs about characteristics of the out-group
- Negative emotions toward out-group
- Excluding out-group from moral concern
ex. they deserve to get hurt from fighting
What is the situationalist approach?
being mindful of the situation in group relations
competition between groups over scarce resources increases stereotyping, conflict, and aggression between groups
realistic conflict-theory
goals that transcend interests of groups
Superordinate goals
goals that pit interests of groups against
one another
oppositional goals
If one party gains, the other party loses
Zero-sum framing
If one party gains, all parties are bette
off
positive-sum framing
To the extent that members of different groups conceive of themselves as wholly or partially a part of an inclusive group, relations will be improved
common in-group identity Model
What are 3 key aspects in rasing positive attitudes, empathy, cooperation, self-disclosure, and helping in the common ingroup identity model?
- Common Identity: WE are one group
- Dual Identity: Two subgroups in One group (Us + them = we)
- Separate groups
Both liberals and conservatives show an intolerance of those whose values and beliefs are inconsistent with their own
Ideological conflict hypothesis
What are 2 key aspects of the Ideological conflict hypothesis?
- ideas, values, policies that conflict their worldview are worldview threatening (cause anxiety)
- demonstrate explicit prejudice towards the other side
- these findings are more pronounced for those with higher identification
- Identity is central to mental and physical health
* E.g., Social support and mental health - Identities can be used as a psychological resource
* Experiences are enhanced in group-settings
* Provide common direction, meaning, & purpose
The Social Cure
Why does the social cure call for identities?
- identities are central to mental and physical health
- identities can be used as a psychological resource
- enhance group settings
- provide direction, meaning, purpose
What is one way we can decrease polarization between groups?
- by being aware about the perceptional-actual difference (people believe differences are bigger than they actually are
What is the largest misperception around division between groups?
disconnect between perceive and actual differences between groups (we’re not actually that different)
