Intergration of metabolism Flashcards
what is the metabolic feature of the brain
can metabolise only glucose ( and partially ketone bodies ) can’t metabolise FA
what diseases arise from imbalanced glucose in diet
hypoglycaemia –> coma + fainting
hyperglycaemia –> irreversible brain damage
what does skeletal muscle metabolise
FA, carbs, ketone bodies ( depending on level of ex )
what does heart muscle metabolise
FA, Ketone bodies, glucose
what does excess G6P get turned into
glycogen by the liver
what does excess acetylCOA get turned into
FA –. adipose tissue
when and where is lactate produced
anaerbobic respiration
in mucles
from pyruvate
what are the 3 uses of acetyl coA
making ketone bodies
going into TCA
making FA/cholesterol
how are AA created
from pyruvate / from TCA substrates
how are nucleotides created
from pyruvate/TCA substrates –> AA–> nucleotides
from G6P via pentose phosphate pathway
what does the creation of nucleotides via the pentose pathway create
NADPH for anabolic reaction
describe the process of gluconeogensis
pyruvate ( latctate/AA)pyruvate carboxylase –> oxaloacetate ( AA) -phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase -> phosphoenolpyruvate –> D3P ( DHAP added from glycerol) –> F16bisP–> F6P( fructose 1,6 bisphosphotase) –>G6P–>glucose ( glucose phosphotase)
how is lactate used in gluconeogensis
taken up by liver regenerated into pyruvate via LDH via cori cycle
how do FA provided energy via gluconeogensis
FA –> B oxidation
glycerol –> DHAP in gluconeogensis
what 3 reactions catalysed by enzymes are irreversible and must be skipped in glycolysis for gluconeogenesis
glucose –> G6P ( hexokinase )
G6P –> F6P phosphofructokinase
phosphoenolpyruvate –> pyruvate ( pyruvate kinase )
what enzymes / pathways do glyconeogenesis use instead
pyruvate –> oxaloacetate ( pyruvate decarboxylase)
oxaloacetate–> phosphenolpyruvate ( phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase)
F1,6bisP–>F6P ( fructose 1,6 phosphotase)
gG6P–> glucose ( glucose phosphotase)
what happens in areobic respiration
main aim is to keep ETC going increase ATP demand increase glucose transport increase muscle glycolisis increase gluconeogenesis FA release
what happens in anaerobic respiration
want to continue glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
increase latacte prodcution
lactate taken up by liver turned back into puruvate
Control of metabolic pathways
product inhibition / signalling molecules
how does hexokinase differ in the muscle and liver
mucel heoxkinase I liver hexokinase IV
hexokinase for opperates most effectvely at high glucose conc + less sensitive to inhibition by G6P
what is michaelis constant
conc of substance when enzyme vmax
what hormones regulate the metabolic pathway
insulin
glucagon
adrenalin
glycocorticoids
function of insulin
increase uptake of glucose into cells
function of glucogon
increase glucose synthesis
