Interesting Qs Flashcards
Prinzmetal Angina
ST elevation chest pain d/t coronary artery spasm
Eisenmenger’s syndrome
left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Signs of Tamponade
Beck’s triad which includes hypotension, muffled heart sounds and increased JVD
Order of coronary artery involvement in MI
LAD (ant. wall and apex) >RCA>Circumflex.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect, what condition is it most likely to be associated with?
VSD is associated with fetal alcohol syndrome.
(PDA is associated with congenital rubella.
ASD (ostium primum type) is associated with Down’s syndrome.
Transposition of the great vessels is associated with maternal diabetes.)
What type of cardiomyopathy is most commonly associated with the sudden death of young athletes?
Hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to autosomal dominant mutations in beta myosin heavy chain.
=>diastolic dysfunction and subaortic stenosis => Ventr. arrythmia = sudden death
Causative agents in IE
IVDU - S. aureus
Strep viridans - overall cause of endocarditis; previously damaged valves
Staph epidermidis - prosthetic valves.
What is the main complication of the macrophage phase (4 to 7 days) after an MI?
Cardiac tamponade / Shunt through the ventricular wall / Mitral insufficiency
d/t rupture arising from digestion of necrotic tissue which gives rise to weakening of the tissue
What gross histological change correlates with white blood cells’ (WBCs) invasion into cardiac tissue during the first week after an MI?
The yellow pallor is indicative of inflammation characterised by neutrophils and macrophages within the myocardium. In the first 24 hours after an MI, there is dark discolouration due to coagulative necrosis. During the first week, there is inflammation signified by the yellow pallor. After which (1 to 3 weeks), granulation tissue emerges marked by a red border entering from edge of infarct. Months after, white scar forms- this is due to fibrosis.
What heart condition is Turner’s syndrome associated with?
most commonly associated with preductal coarctation of the aorta which causes hypertension in upper extremities and weak pulses in the lower extremities.
Turner’s syndrome is a sex chromosome disorder of female sexual development (45, XO). Symptoms include short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, lymphatic defects, cystic hygroma, webbed neck and lymphoedema.
