Interactionist Theory On Education Flashcards
1
Q
What do Interactionists believe about Education?
A
- Concentrate on internal process within school
- Criticise other sociologists for failing to give sufficient attention to schooling itself
- Pupil’s self-concept is impacted by teachers + other pupils
2
Q
What are Hargreaves et al’s 3 Stages to ‘Labelling?’ (SES)
A
- Speculation; Teachers make guesses on the types of pupils they were dealing with based on external appearances
- Elaboration; Teacher’s hypothesis is tested + confirmed or contradicted
- Stabilisation; Teachers begin to understand a pupil’s behaviour + no longer surprised
3
Q
What is Becker’s study on ‘Labelling?’
A
- Observations in a Chicago high school; Classifications, judgements + evaluations of students was based around an ‘ideal pupil’
- Teachers perceived pupils in a particular way which influenced how they behaved
4
Q
What does Cicourel and Kitsuse argue about ‘Labelling?’
A
- Teachers are in an important position to affect a pupil’s progress
- Study of American high school found non-academic factors impacted labelling
- MC were seen to be ‘natural’ prospective college students
5
Q
What is Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study on a ‘Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?’
A
- Research in an elementary school in California, arranged pupils to sit a standard intelligence test
- Teacher was misinformed on who performed well + expected to make rapid progress
- 1 Year later; Re-tested all pupils + selected group performed better which created a SFP
6
Q
What are the criticisms of Interactionist ‘Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?’
A
- Accused of generalising the effects of labelling
- Assumes the same of type of label is applied every-time
- Negative labels can motivate students to educationally achieve
7
Q
How has Fuller’s Study undermined the ‘Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?’
A
- Conducted research in a London comprehensive school with a group of Black WC girls in Year 11
- Aware of teacher’s low expectations
- Anti-school + Pro-education
- Despite negative labelling, did not produce a SFP
8
Q
What does Keddie argue about the impacts of ‘Setting and Streaming?’
A
- Teachers taught higher streams differently from those in lower groups
- Expected to behave better
- Provided greater opportunities for educational success
- WC are more likely to be placed in lower streams + underachieve due to limited access to knowledge
9
Q
What is Ball’s Study on ‘Setting and Streaming?’
A
- Conducted research at Beachside Comprehensive
- Top stream students were ‘warmed up’ to achieve highly + follow academic courses
- Lower stream students were ‘cooled-out’ to follow vocational courses + achieve less academic success
- Setting + Streaming deprived WC pupils as ‘failures’ in bottom streams
10
Q
What does Hargreaves argue about ‘Pupil Subcultures?’
A
- Bottom stream pupils rebel against school + develop an alternative set of attitudes in opposition
- Anti-school/Counter-school-subculture
- Improved self-esteem by gaining status in peer groups
- Bottom stream pupils are more likely to be WC, contributes to their underachievement
11
Q
What is Lacey’s Study on ‘Pupil Subcultures?’
A
- Research on boy’s grammar school
- Found streaming polarised boys into Pro-school + Anti-school subculture
- MC gained status via approved academic route
12
Q
What are Rutter et al’s Study on ‘The School?’
A
- Research entitled ‘Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and their Effects in Children’
- ‘Good’ schools impacted all pupils equally
- Examples of ‘Good’ schools behaviours: Teachers being well prepared for lessons, Marking class work and homework regularly, High expectations of pupils + Interest in their character
13
Q
What does Gilbourn + Youdell argue about ‘Marketisation and Selection?’
A
- ‘A-to-C’ Eonomy; Schools ration their time/resources on pupils achieving grades Cs to boost the school’s league table position
- ‘Educational triage’; ‘Sorting’ pupils within the education economy, WC Black pupils are identified as ‘hopeless cases’
14
Q
What does Bartlett argue about ‘Marketisation and Selection?’
A
- Cream-skimming; Selecting high ability pupils who gain good results + cost less
- Silt-shifting; Off-loading pupils with learning difficulties + expensive
- Polarised education system; Popular schools favour MC pupils + Under-resources schools take in WC pupils
