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SPI > Interaction of sound (Edelmen) > Flashcards

Interaction of sound (Edelmen) Flashcards

1
Q

The decrease in intensity, power, and amplitude as sound travels

A

attenuation

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2
Q

Attenuation is determined by

A

Path length and frequency

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3
Q

More attenuation results in ___ distances and ____ frequencies

A

longer, higher

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4
Q

Processes that contribute to attenuation

A

reflection, scattering, absorption

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5
Q

T/F 10 db of attenuation is negative

A

TRUE

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6
Q

As sound strikes a boundary, a portion of the waves energy may be redirected or

A

reflected

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7
Q

Two forms of reflection

A

Specular and diffuse

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8
Q

When the boundary is smooth, the sound of reflected in only one direction in an organized manner

A

Specular reflection

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9
Q

Wave reflects off an irregular surface, it radiates in more than one direction but back to the transducer

A

Diffuse reflection (backscatter)

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10
Q

Redirection of sound in many directions

A

Scattering

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11
Q

Structures dimensions are much smaller than the beams wavelength

A

Rayleigh scattering

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12
Q

Energy is converted into another energy such as heat

A

Absorption

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13
Q

Number of decibels of attenuation that occurs when sound travels on cm

A

Attenuation coefficient : db/cm

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14
Q

Attenuation lowest to hight from water to air

A

Water, blood, fat, soft tissue, muscle, bone/lung, air.

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15
Q

Distance sound travels in a tissue that reduces the intensity of sound to 1/2 original value

A

Half-value layer thickness

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16
Q

Synonyms of half value layer thickness

A

Penetration depth, depth of penetration, half-boundary layer.

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17
Q

You have a thin half value layer with ___ frequency and ____ attenuation

A

high

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18
Q

Acoustic resistance to sound traveling in a medium

A

Impedance : rayls

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19
Q

Impedance is calculated by

A

density and speed

20
Q

T/F impedance is calculated not measured

A

TRUE

21
Q

The incident sound beam strikes the boundary at exactly 90 degrees

A

Normal incidence

22
Q

Normal incidence synonyms

A

Perpendicular, orthogonal, right angle, 90 degrees

23
Q

Incident sound beam strikes the boundary at any angle other than 90 degrees

A

Oblique incidence

24
Q

Sound waves intensity immediately before it strikes a boundary

A

Incident intensity

25
Q

Intensity of the portion of the incident sound beam that after striking a boundary, it returns back from where it came

A

Reflected intensity

26
Q

Intensity of the portion of the intensity beam that after striking a boundary, continues forward in the same direction it was traveling

A

Transmitted intensity

27
Q

Percentage of intensity that passes in a forward direction when a beam strikes an interface between two media

A

Intensity transmission coefficient ITC

28
Q

Percentage of the intensity that bounces back when a sound beam strikes the boundary between 2 media

A

Intensity reflection coefficient IRC

29
Q

If the IRC and ITC are added, the result must equal

A

100%

30
Q

Transmission with a bend is called

A

refraction

31
Q

With normal incidence, reflection depends on

A

impedance difference

31
Q

With oblique incidence, the angle of reflection is equal to

A

angle of incidence

32
Q

What is an oblique incidence with different speeds required

A

refraction

33
Q

When speed 2 = speed 1, what is the refraction

A

No refraction

34
Q

When speed 2 is > speed 1 the tranmission angle is ___ than incident

A

greater than

35
Q

When speed 2 is < speed 1 the transmission angle is ___ than incident angle

A

less than

36
Q

Impedence is calculated with what 2 things

A

density x speed

37
Q

To calculate acoustic impedance do

A

density x prop speed

38
Q

To calculate attenuation do

A

Min value - max value / 2

39
Q

When a sound strikes a boundary between media at exactly 90 degrees

A

Orthogonal, perpendicular, right angles, normal

40
Q

A sound strikes a boundary between 2 media at a 60 degree angle. this is ____ incidence

A

oblique

41
Q

Units for intensity transmission coefficient and intensity reflection coefficient

A

none

42
Q

Intensity reflection coefficient formula

A

Reflected intensity / incident intensity

43
Q

Intensity transmitted intensity formula

A

Transmitted intensity/ incident intensity

44
Q

What is the max permissible value for both the IRC and ITC

A

1 or 100%

45
Q

What is the min permissible value for the IRC and ITC

A

0

46
Q
A

SPI (16 decks)

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