intelligence, personality and morality (4.1)

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

an umbrella term that encompasses many abilities, including the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn

Question 2

personality

Answer 2

individual differences among people in behavior patterns, cognition and emotion

Question 3

morality

Answer 3

the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and behaviors between those that are good or right and those that are bad or wrong

Question 4

frontal lobes

Answer 4

necessary to express intelligence, personality and morality

Question 5

prefrontal lobes

Answer 5

express intelligence, personality and morality; necessary but not sufficient

Question 6

ways to define pre-frontal cortex (3)

Answer 6

non-motor areas; granular frontal cortex; projection zone of the DM nucleus of the thalamus

Question 7

orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 7

the part of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex that overlies the eyes

Question 8

basal ganglia

Answer 8

helps prefrontal cortex make big decisions

Question 9

DLPFC vs VLPFC

Answer 9

DLPFC: receives inputs from the where pathways out of the sensory cortices
VLPFC: receives inputs from the what pathways

Question 10

general intelligence factor (g) and subdivisions (2)

Answer 10

general intelligence factor: the oldest theory of intelligence; suggests a single underlying construct
fluid intelligence: the ability to learn new ways of solving problems/performing activities; street smarts
crystallized intelligence: accumulated knowledge; book smarts

Question 11

interpersonal vs intrapersonal

Answer 11

interpersonal: emotional interactions with others
intrapersonal: understanding yourself; emotional intelligence about yourself

Question 12

task-positive vs default mode networks

Answer 12

task-positive: active when you are currently engaged in some activity; fluid; involved in problem solving, focusing of external-directed attention, making decisions, and control of action
default mode: when you are not actively doing something; plays a central role in social cognition, emotional self-awareness, and moral decision making; active when brain is at “rest” or mind is “wandering”

Question 13

top-down vs bottom-up processing

Answer 13

top-down: DLPFC; thinking about something then looking for it
bottom-up: PPC; attention drawn to something that happens

Question 14

dACC

Answer 14

activity monitor; flags errors in execution (good plan = do it again)

Question 15

Wisconsin Card Sorting vs Stroop tasks

Answer 15

WCST: tests for DLPFC damage (ability to change plans) when sorting cards
Stroop: tests for dACC damage (ability to recognize, stop and correct errors)

Question 16

DMPFC vs VMPFC

Answer 16

DMPFC: “reads” the mental states of others, such as their beliefs, desires, and intentions (theory of mind/mentalizing)
VMPFC: emotional control; adult center; morality

Question 17

personality trait

Answer 17

enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behavior in a variety of situations

Question 18

big five

Answer 18

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 19

personality trait that does not have a distinct biological substrate

Answer 19

openness

Question 20

temporoparietal junction (TPJ)

Answer 20

intuitive reactions to situations containing implicit moral issues; mirror neurons fire when another person is observed doing a certain action

Question 21

angular gyrus

Answer 21

part of morality circuit; empathy center

Question 22

DLPFC syndrome

Answer 22

inability to act or change plans; loss of short-term memory; decreased attention; loss of fluid intelligence; apathetic, indifferent

Question 23

OFC syndrome

Answer 23

wild emotional swings; loss of emotional intelligence; egocentric, anti-social; abnormalities in moral judgments and behavior