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psychology :) > intelligence , language, thinking, cognition :) > Flashcards

intelligence , language, thinking, cognition :) Flashcards

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1
Q

thinking=mental representation of a problem or situation

A

cognition

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2
Q

unconscious, effortless, automatic

A

experimental processing

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3
Q

engaging and deliberately concentrate

A

reflective processing

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4
Q

pictures
-used to think, remember, and solve problems
-make blank to solve problems
-change feelings
-improve a skill or prepare for some action
-aid memory

A

mental images

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5
Q

“spiced chicken tastes pointy” “pain is the color orange”

A

synthesia

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6
Q

when you form a mental image, the system works in reverse
-brain areas, in which memories are stored and send signals back to the visual cortex, where once again an image is created

A

reverse image

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7
Q

images created from muscular sensations
-important in movement oriented skills, such as music, sports, dance, skateboarding, and martial arts

A

kinesthetic imagery

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8
Q

help us identify important features in the world

A

concepts

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9
Q

processing or classifying information into meaningful categories

A

forming concepts

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10
Q

presence of two or more features

A

conjunctive concepts

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11
Q

how features are to one another

A

relational concepts

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12
Q

at least one possible feature

A

disjunctive concepts

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13
Q

emotional and personal meaning of words

A

connotative meaning

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14
Q

words or concepts in their exact definition

A

denotative meaning

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15
Q

basic speech sounds

A

phonemes

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16
Q

word parts

A

morphemes

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17
Q

set of rules of making sounds and words into sentences

A

grammer

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18
Q

rules for word order

A

syntax

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19
Q

asl
-true, real language

A

gestural language

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20
Q

trial and error or by rote

A

mechanical solutions

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21
Q

requirements for success but not in enough detail to guide further action

A

general solution

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22
Q

workable solutions

A

functional solutions

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23
Q

“rule of thumb”

A

heuristics

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24
Q

tendency to get “hung up” on wrong solutions or to become blind to alternatives

A

fixation

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25
Q

inability to see new uses for familiar objects

A

functional fixedness

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26
Q

inhibition and fears of making a fool of oneself, fear of making a mistake, inability to tolerate ambiguity, excessive self-criticism

A

emotional barriers

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27
Q

values that hold fantasy is a waste of time

A

cultural barriers

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28
Q

conventions about uses (functional fixedness) meanings, possibilities, taboos

A

learned barriers

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29
Q

habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem

A

perceptual barriers

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30
Q

fast, fairly, effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems

A

automatic processing

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31
Q

going from specific facts or observations to general principals

A

inductive thinking

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32
Q

going from general principals to specific situations

A

deductive thinking

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33
Q

proceeding from given information to new conclusions on the basis of explicit rules

A

logical thinking

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34
Q

intuitive, associative, or personal

A

illogical thinking

35
Q

total number of suggestions that you are able to make

A

fluency thinking

36
Q

number of times that you shift from one class of possible uses to another

A

flexibility thinking

37
Q

thinking toward one answer

A

convergent thinking

38
Q

thinking towards many ideas

A

divergent thinking

39
Q

orientation-person defines that problem and identifies its most important dimensions

A

stage one of creative thought

40
Q

preparation-prepare information about the problem

A

stage two of creative thought

41
Q

incubation- “cooking”

A

stage three of creative thought

42
Q

illumination- “aha!” moment

A

stage four of creative thought

43
Q

verification- test the solution

A

stage five creative thought

44
Q

quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning

A

intuition

45
Q

tendency to choose wrong answer because they match preexisiting mental categories

A

representativeness heurstic

46
Q

basic rate that the event occurs overtime; probability

A

base rate

47
Q

how you word the question

A

framing

48
Q

a predisposition to perceive or respond in a particular way

A

mental set

49
Q

overall capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to adapt to one’s surroundings

A

intelligence

50
Q

small mental abilities

A

g-factor

51
Q

capacity for learning
-people with mechanical, artistic, musical aptitudes are likely to do well in careers involving mechanics, art, or music, respectively

A

aptitudes

52
Q

predict weather you will succeed in a single area

A

special aptitude test

53
Q

measure two or more types of ability

A

multiple aptitude test

54
Q

access to wide variety of mental abilities

A

general intelligence test

55
Q

any measurement of a person’s mental functions (is it reliable? is it valid?”

A

psychometric test

56
Q

how do you know if a test is reliable?

A

must give approximately the same score each time a person takes it

57
Q

how do you know a test is valid?

A

a test should measure what it claims to measure

58
Q

get the same score when corrected by different people

A

objective test

59
Q
  1. fluid reasoning- “how are an apple and a plum different from a beet?”
  2. knowledge-“why is yeast added to bread dough”
    3.quantitative reasoning: “ if i have six marbles and you give me another one, how many do i have?”
  3. visual-spatial processing: “suppose that you are going east, then turn right, turn right again, then turn left. what direction are you facing now?”
  4. working memory: “correctly remember the number beads on a stick”
A

standard-binet factors

60
Q

average intellectual performance

A

mental age

61
Q

convert a person’s relative standing in the group to an iq score, that is, they tell how far above or below average the person’s score falls

A

deviations iqs

62
Q

solving a novel problems involving perceptual speed or rapid insight
-slowly decline after middle age

A

fluid intelligence

63
Q

solving problems using already acquired knowledge
-decline very little

A

crystallized intelligence

64
Q

-begins at 70 IQ or below

A

intellectual disability

65
Q

affect energy produce and use in the body

A

metabolic disorders

66
Q

-causes moderate to severe intellectual disability and shortened life expectancy of around 49 years

A

down syndrome

67
Q

-only mildly intellectually disabled during early childhood, but often severely or profoundly intellectually disabled as adults

A

fragile x syndrome

68
Q

-if goes untreated, can cause severe intellectual disabilities

A

pku

69
Q

skull is extremely small (fails to grow), causes severe intellectual disability

A

microephaly

70
Q

-“water on the brain”
- children affected usually score average on mental tests, severe intellectual disability usually can be prevented

A

hydrocephaly

71
Q

causes stunted physical and intellectual growth that cannot be reversed

A

cretinsim

72
Q

is intelligence hereditary?

A

no

73
Q

a program that provides stimulating intellectual experiences, typically for disadvantaged preschoolers

A

early childhood education programs

74
Q

speed and efficiency of the nervous system

A

neural intelligence

75
Q

specialized knowledge and skills acquired over time

A

experiential intelligence

76
Q

an ability to become aware of one’s own thinking habits

A

reflective intelligence

77
Q

writer, lawyer, comedian

A

language (linguistic abilities) intelligence

78
Q

scientist, accountant, programmer

A

logic and math (numeric abilities) intelligence

79
Q

engineer, inventor, artist

A

visual and spatial (pictorial abilities) intelligence

80
Q

composer, musician, music critic

A

music (musical abilities) intelligence

81
Q

dancer, athlete, surgeon

A

bodily-kinesethetic (physical abilities) intelligence

82
Q

poet, actor, minister

A

intrapersonal (self-knowledge) intelligence

83
Q

psychologist, teacher, politician

A

interpersonal (social abilities) intelligence

84
Q

biologist, medicine man, organic farmer

A

naturalist ( an ability to understand the natural environment)

psychology :) (4 decks)

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