Intelligence and Positive Intelligence Flashcards
What are the general theories of intelligence?
> Hierarchical model (general intelligence + specific factors)
Multiple intelligences that do not correlate
What is fluid intelligence?
> Gf > Biologically based > Perceive relationships among elements > Peaks at 18 > Information processing and reasoning
What is crystallised intelligence?
> Gc
Acquired knowledge and skills
Increases throughout life
General acquired knowledge and ability to apply it
What is Spearman’s Two Factor Theory?
> Hierarchical model of intelligence
One general factor of intelligence (g)
Many specific factors (s)
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
> First intelligence test (Binet-Simon; French, translated to english)
Based on the hierarchical model
What are some non-hierarchical model theorists?
> Gardener (1993)
> Thurstone (1938)
What are the limitations of Gardener’s Multiple Intelligences Model?
Underestimates role of cognitive variables contributing to variance in the hypothetically ‘independent’ intelligences
What evidence is there of a genetic influence on intelligence?
> Plomin and Petrill (1997)
> Plomin and Craig (2001)
What did Plomin and Petrill (1997) find?
Genetic influence on individual difference in intelligence is significant
What did Plomin and Craig (2001) find?
> Meta-analysis
Family studies, twin studies, adoption studies
Heritibility of intelligence 50-51%
What did Posthuma et al (2001) find?
Larger genetic difference in intelligence during:
> Transition from early to middle childhood
> Transition from early to late adolescence
What did Gottfredson (1997) find?
g appears stable after childhood and predicts many important social outcomes better than other psychological predictors
What did Lynn (1996) find?
> IQ tests
Asian children averaged 106
White children averaged 103
Black children averaged 89
What is Watson and Tellegen’s Two-Dimensional Map of Mood?
> Two dimensions -> Low-High negative affect -> Low-High positive affect > Interaction determines direction of mood > Eight different dimensions of mood
What Watson and Tellegen’s Circumplex Theory of Affect model?
> Focus on the interpersonal aspects of personality
> Two-Dimensional Map of Mood
What is psychological wellbeing?
The engagement with individual development and challenges within life, concentrating on issues of meaning and self-selection
What are the features of psychological wellbeing?
> Autonomy > Environmental mastery > Personal growth > Purpose > Positive relations with others > Self-acceptance
What is Hedonic wellbeing?
> Hedonism (Aristippus’ philosophy) leads to hedonic wellbeing
Hedonic wellbeing leads to subjective wellbeing
Short term, focus on current emotion, pleasure and pain avoidance
What is Eudaimonic wellbeing?
> Eudaimonia ( Aristotle’s philosophy) leads to Eudaimonic wellbeing
Eudaimonic wellbeing leads to psychological wellbeing
Long term, development, overcoming challenges, meaning and self-reflection
What factors contribute to subjective wellbeing?
> Positive affect
Negative affect
Life satisfaction
What did Estrada et al (1997) find?
> Doctors
Positive affect
More creative and accurate in diagnosis
What are the criticisms of emotional intelligence?
> Validity is questionable (Sjoberg, 2011)
Social skills do not predict performance in other areas (Ferris et al, 2001)
Likely to be empathy or other personality traits (Sjoberg, 2011)
What did Sjoberg (2011) determine?
> Emotional intelligence
Validity is questionable
May be empathy or secondary personality trait
What did Ferris et al (2001) find?
> Emotional intelligence
Related to interpersonal skills
Does not predict performance in other areas
