Intelligence

Question 1

What is Intelligence?

Answer 1

The ability to use one’s mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience.

Question 2

What are two ways we can characterize middle-level abilities?

Answer 2

Data-based approach and Theory-based approach

Question 3

What are the eight measures of intelligence that John Caroll discovered?

Answer 3

Memory and learning, auditory processing, visual perception, cognitive speediness, processing speed, retrieval ability, crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

Question 4

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

The ability to apply knowledge that is acquired through experience. It is generally tested by vocabulary tests and factual information

Question 5

Fluid intelligence

Answer 5

The ability to solve and reason about novel problems. It is generally measured by putting people in a new domain and asked to solve a novel problem, under a time constraint.

Question 6

Data-based approach

Answer 6

Start with people’s responses on intelligence tests, and then looking to see what independent clusters these responses form.

Question 7

Theory-based approach

Answer 7

Starting with a broad survey of human abilities and then looking to see which of these abilities the intelligence tests measure - or fail to measure.

Question 8

Analytical intelligence

Answer 8

Ability to identify and define problems, and to find strategies to solve them. (This is what the data-based approach measures)

Question 9

Creative intelligence

Answer 9

The ability to generate solutions that other people do not.

Question 10

Practical intelligence

Answer 10

Ability to implement solutions (from creative intelligence) in everyday settings.

Question 11

Emotional intelligence

Answer 11

The ability to reason about emotions, and to use emotions to enhance reasoning.

Question 12

Ratio IQ

Answer 12

A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by their physical age and multiplying it by a 100. (Used for kids)

Question 13

Deviation IQ

Answer 13

A statistic obtained by dividing the person’s test score by the average test score of people that age and then multiplying it by a 100. (used for adults)

Question 14

Emotionally intelligent people will exhibit _____ (more/less) neural activity while solving an emotional intelligence problem.

Answer 14

Less (since EQ comes to them with ease)

Question 15

Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 15

A person’s performance on a test is due to a combination of general abilities (g) and skills (s) for that specific test.

Question 16

Thurstone’s 3 primary mental abilities:

Answer 16

verbal, numerical and perceptual abilities

Question 17

Fraternal or Dizygotic Twins

Answer 17

Siblings who develop from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperms. Share 50% of their genes

Question 18

Identical Twins or Monozygotic

Answer 18

Siblings who develop from splitting of a single egg fertilized by a single sperm. Share 100% of their genes.

Question 19

Heritability coefficient (h^2)

Answer 19

A statistic that describes the proportion of difference between people’s IQ that can be explained by differences in their genes.

Question 20

Cognitive Enhancers

Answer 20

Drugs that improve psychological processes that underlie intelligence performance.

Question 21

What do stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall enhance?

Answer 21

Cognitive processes; focus attention, manipulate information in working memory and flexibly controlling their responses.

Question 22

What does the stimulant Modafinal enhance?

Answer 22

Planning abilities and short term memories.