INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY Flashcards
A Greco-Egyptian mathematician astronomer, geographer and astrologer during 150 AD
He wrote ALAMAGEST, A book on astronomy and star catalogue, which represent the GEOCENTRIC MODEL of the universe
Claudius Ptolemy
A book on astronomy and star catalogue, which represent the GEOCENTRIC MODEL of the universe
Almagest
A Polish astronomer, studied law and medicine in University of Bologna and was a canon in Fraunberg, Poland.
He conducted most of his astronomical observations and calculations therer and his obeservation were made with the naked eye as the invention of the telescope would not occur for decades after his death
Nicolaus Copernicus
Real name of Nicolaus Copernicus
Mikolaj Kopernek
Copernicus’ masterpiece
On the Revolutions
An Italian astronomer and philosopher who not only supported heliocentrism but also proposed that space was infinite, that our solar system was one of many,, and that other inhabited worlds with intelligent beings might exist.
Giordano Bruno
an Italian mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, discovered Jupiter’s moons in 1610, suppprting the Copernican model. He improved the telescope, provigng heliocentrism, but was condemned as a heretic by the Catholic Church for publishing his findings.
Galileo Galilei
Among his work in physics was the discovery of relations among velocity, distance and acceleration using scientific approach
Galileo Galilei
A Danish nobleman, astronomer and alchemist known for his highly precise astronomical observations before the invention of the telescope.
He developed instruments that alloved him to measure the positions of the celestial bodies with unprecedented accuracy
Tycho Brahe
A hyrbrid model of the universe that combined elements of both geocentrism and heliocentrism
Tychonic System
A German astronomer, proved with mathematical calculations that planets move in elliptical orbit.
Her formulated the Laws of Planetary Motion. His findings were among the foundation of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. He became an assistant of Tycho Brahe.
Johannes Kepler
An English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, was a key figure of the Scientific Revolution.
He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, advances optics, and invented calculus, proving Kepler’s laws mathematically.
Isaac Newton
an English naturalist, biologist, and geoloigst. His known for his theory of evolution. He made a thorough study, journeyed on many palces in the world allowing him to observe the diversity of the species, made hundred of experiments of his theories for 20 years and found repeatable results.
Charles Darwin
Formulated in Darwin’s book, On the Origin of Species, states that organisms evolve over time through heritable physical or behavioral changes, adaptig to their environment for survival.
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adapatable to change.
Theory of Natural Selection
What book of Darwin did he formulate the Theory of Natural Selection
On the Origin of Species
Darwin proposed on his book The Descent of Man that humans and modern primates share a common ancestor that lived a million years ago.
While modern monkey continued evolving in their own way, our ancestors developed traits like upright walking and larger brains, eventually leading to Homo Sapiens
Theory of Evolution
An Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Is a therapeutic technique for people with emotional difficulties by talking patient, with the goal of bringing unconscious matrial into consciousness. It is general theory of human behavior and experience
Sigmund Freud
3 Fundamental Structures of Human Mind
Id
Ego
Superego
The unconscious, instictual part of the mind, present at birth, and driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and needs. When unmet, it leads to anxiety
Id
The conscious, rational part of the mind that balances the id’s desires with reality, allowing for delayed gratification and socially appropriate behavior.
Ego
represents societal and prarental influence, shaping the individuals sense of right and wrong. Emerged around age five, it guides moral judgement
Superego
Two parts of Superego
Conscience
Ego Ideal
guild and remorse for bad behavior
Conscience
Standards of behavior the ego strives to achieve
Ego Ideal
