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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY > INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS > Flashcards

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

In the study of the history of science and
technology, another important area of interest involves in the various ________________ across time

A

Intellectual Revolutions

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2
Q

interests lies in how intellectual revolutions emerged as a result of the interaction of _______, _________ and of _______.

A

science, technology, society

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3
Q

In science and technology, intellectual revolutions refer to the series of events that led to the emergence of _____________ and the progress of _____________ across critical periods in history

A

modern science; scientific thinking

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4
Q

Was a period of intellectual revolution in Europe, marked by a flourishing of arts, science, and humanism (Rebirth of Learning).

A

The Renaissance

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5
Q

Led to significant advancements in scientific knowledge and the emergence of the scientific method.

A

The Scientific Revolution

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6
Q

Emphasized reason, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge as the key to progress and social reform (Age of Reason).

A

The Enlightenment

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7
Q

Society interaction with science and technology

A

Intellectual Revolution

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8
Q

Refers to the series of events that led to the emergence of modern science and progress of scientific thinking

A

Intellectual Revolution

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9
Q

Who divided the Intellectual Revolution into 2 Stages?

A

Jean Sylvain Bailley

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10
Q

2 Stages of Intellectual Revolution

A

Sweeping of the Old
Establishing of the New

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11
Q

The 3 people of the Intellectual Revolution

A

Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian

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12
Q

This invention allowed the people to take a peek at the outer space, but more importantly, it also intrigued them to know what was out there.

A

Telescope

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13
Q

He believes that the Earth was the center - - geocentrism

A

Claudius Ptolemy

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14
Q

He introduced a new concept known as Heliocentrism, which suggested that the center of the Solar System was not the Earth but actually the sun

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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15
Q

The center of the Solar System was not the
Earth but actually the sun

A

Heliocentrism

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16
Q

Formulated the “Heliocentric Model” of the universe

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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17
Q

Earth was the center of the Solar System

A

Geocentric Model

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18
Q

Repositioned the Earth from the center of the SS and introduced the idea that the Earth rotates on its own axis

A

Heliocentric Model

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19
Q

Resistance from the church, thus __________ was
accused of heresy, and he faced persecution from the church

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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20
Q

Served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking
away form age-long views about the position of the Earth

A

Copernican Revolution

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21
Q

All planets revolved around the sun not in circular
orbits but elliptical orbits. The closer a planet to the sun the faster it moves

A

Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

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22
Q

Law of Planetary Motion

A

Johannes Kepler

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23
Q

Turning point in the study of cosmology and astronomy making it a truly intellectual important revolution.

A

Copernican Revolution

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24
Q

English naturalist, geologist and biologist (19th century)

A

Charles Darwin

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25
Q

1859, Treatise on the Science of Evolution

A

On The Origin of Species

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26
Q

Considered to be one of the most
controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

A

The Darwinian Revolution

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27
Q

It was guided by confidence in human reason’s ability to explain phenomena in the universe

A

Darwinian Revolution

28
Q

An evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction. This traits are manifested in offspring that are more fit and well-suited to the challenges of survival and
reproduction.

A

Natural Selection

29
Q

“Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change to something more equipped to survive”

A

Darwinian Revolution

30
Q

Accused of being short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary process or dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organisms was a manifestation of an omniscient God.

A

Theory of Evolution (Darwinian)

31
Q

The development of organisms and the origin of unique forms of life and humanity could be rationalized by a lawful system, or an orderly process of change underpinned by laws of nature.

A

Significance of Darwinian Revolution

32
Q

In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under philosophy.

A

Freudian Revolution

33
Q

Was considered more of an art rather than a science

A

Psychology

34
Q

Was able to change people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary
theory of psychoanalysis in the late 19th century.

A

Sigmund Freud

35
Q

Austrian neurologist that introduced PSYCHOANALYSIS

A

Sigmund Freud

36
Q

Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded in one’s personality.

A

PSYCHOANALYSIS

37
Q

Freud explained that there are many ________ and _________ factors that can influence
behavior and emotions

A

conscious; unconscious

38
Q

Freud also argued that personality is a product of three conflicting elements:

A

Id, Ego, and Superego

39
Q

The primitive and instinctual part of the
mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories (Pleasure Principle)

A

ID

40
Q

Operates as a moral conscience (Conscience)

A

Super-ego

41
Q

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the di and the super ego (Reality Principle)

A

Ego

42
Q

Existence of unconscious where feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are contained outside of one’s conscious mind

A

Psychoanalysis

43
Q

Psychoanalytic Concepts

A

Psychosexual Development, Libido and Ego

44
Q

Freud suggested that humans are inherently _____________

A

Pleasure-Seeking Individuals

45
Q

Immediately shot into controversy for it emphasized the existence of the unconscious wherein feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions,
and memories are contained outside of one’s conscious mind.

A

Psychoanalysis

46
Q

Revolutionized how w e think about and treat mental health conditions

A

Freudian Revolution

47
Q

Freud founded _____________ as a way of listening to patients and better understanding how their minds work.

A

Psychoanalysis

48
Q

Credited for dominating psychotherapeutic practice in the early 20th century

A

Significance of Freudian Revolution

49
Q

Intellectual revolutions face resistance from those who benefit from maintaining the status quo.

A

Resistance to Change

50
Q

Critics argue that intellectual revolutions often lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultural heritage.

A

Loss of Tradition

51
Q

The pursuit of new ideas may raise ethical questions and dilemmas that need to be addressed during an intellectual revolution.

A

Ethical Dilemmas

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The interaction of society with science and technology allowed the beginning of the Intellectual Revolution

A

TRUE

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Kepler was persecuted by the church due to his Geocentric model

A

FALSE - Kepler is known for his work on the HELIOCENTRIC model.

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Darwinian Revolution changed the way people understood nature and evolution.

A

TRUE

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Freudian Revolution was controversial and highly met with resistance.

A

TRUE

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The natural selection theory describes how organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

A

TRUE

57
Q

Founded psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

58
Q

He proposed the Heliocentric concept of the Solar System

A

Copernicus

58
Q

It was the time of rebirth in creativity in Europe in the 1300s where changes in areas like political, social, economic, and cultural happened.

A

THE RENAISSANCE

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions are often met with huge support and general acceptance.

A

FALSE - not always met with huge support.

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sigmund Freud introduced scientific approaches to understanding the human subconcious.

A

TRUE

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions emerges as a result of interaction of man and society.

A

TRUE

61
Q

He believed that the earth was the center of the universe.

A

PTOLEMY

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions are necessary in understanding how society is transformed by science and technology.

A

TRUE

63
Q

The analogy of Instincts

A

Id

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY (5 decks)

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