INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS

Question 1

In the study of the history of science and
technology, another important area of interest involves in the various ________________ across time

Answer 1

Intellectual Revolutions

Question 2

interests lies in how intellectual revolutions emerged as a result of the interaction of _______, _________ and of _______.

Answer 2

science, technology, society

Question 3

In science and technology, intellectual revolutions refer to the series of events that led to the emergence of _____________ and the progress of _____________ across critical periods in history

Answer 3

modern science; scientific thinking

Question 4

Was a period of intellectual revolution in Europe, marked by a flourishing of arts, science, and humanism (Rebirth of Learning).

Answer 4

The Renaissance

Question 5

Led to significant advancements in scientific knowledge and the emergence of the scientific method.

Answer 5

The Scientific Revolution

Question 6

Emphasized reason, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge as the key to progress and social reform (Age of Reason).

Answer 6

The Enlightenment

Question 7

Society interaction with science and technology

Answer 7

Intellectual Revolution

Question 8

Refers to the series of events that led to the emergence of modern science and progress of scientific thinking

Answer 8

Intellectual Revolution

Question 9

Who divided the Intellectual Revolution into 2 Stages?

Answer 9

Jean Sylvain Bailley

Question 10

2 Stages of Intellectual Revolution

Answer 10

Sweeping of the Old
Establishing of the New

Question 11

The 3 people of the Intellectual Revolution

Answer 11

Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian

Question 12

This invention allowed the people to take a peek at the outer space, but more importantly, it also intrigued them to know what was out there.

Answer 12

Telescope

Question 13

He believes that the Earth was the center - - geocentrism

Answer 13

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 14

He introduced a new concept known as Heliocentrism, which suggested that the center of the Solar System was not the Earth but actually the sun

Answer 14

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 15

The center of the Solar System was not the
Earth but actually the sun

Answer 15

Heliocentrism

Question 16

Formulated the “Heliocentric Model” of the universe

Answer 16

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 17

Earth was the center of the Solar System

Answer 17

Geocentric Model

Question 18

Repositioned the Earth from the center of the SS and introduced the idea that the Earth rotates on its own axis

Answer 18

Heliocentric Model

Question 19

Resistance from the church, thus __________ was
accused of heresy, and he faced persecution from the church

Answer 19

Nicolas Copernicus

Question 20

Served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking
away form age-long views about the position of the Earth

Answer 20

Copernican Revolution

Question 21

All planets revolved around the sun not in circular
orbits but elliptical orbits. The closer a planet to the sun the faster it moves

Answer 21

Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

Question 22

Law of Planetary Motion

Answer 22

Johannes Kepler

Question 23

Turning point in the study of cosmology and astronomy making it a truly intellectual important revolution.

Answer 23

Copernican Revolution

Question 24

English naturalist, geologist and biologist (19th century)

Answer 24

Charles Darwin

Question 25

1859, Treatise on the Science of Evolution

Answer 25

On The Origin of Species

Question 26

Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

Answer 26

The Darwinian Revolution

Question 27

It was guided by confidence in human reason's ability to explain phenomena in the universe

Answer 27

Darwinian Revolution

Question 28

An evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction. This traits are manifested in offspring that are more fit and well-suited to the challenges of survival and reproduction.

Answer 28

Natural Selection

Question 29

"Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change to something more equipped to survive"

Answer 29

Darwinian Revolution

Question 30

Accused of being short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary process or dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organisms was a manifestation of an omniscient God.

Answer 30

Theory of Evolution (Darwinian)

Question 31

The development of organisms and the origin of unique forms of life and humanity could be rationalized by a lawful system, or an orderly process of change underpinned by laws of nature.

Answer 31

Significance of Darwinian Revolution

Question 32

In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under philosophy.

Answer 32

Freudian Revolution

Question 33

Was considered more of an art rather than a science

Answer 33

Psychology

Question 34

Was able to change people's perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis in the late 19th century.

Answer 34

Sigmund Freud

Question 35

Austrian neurologist that introduced PSYCHOANALYSIS

Answer 35

Sigmund Freud

Question 36

Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded in one's personality.

Answer 36

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Question 37

Freud explained that there are many ________ and _________ factors that can influence behavior and emotions

Answer 37

conscious; unconscious

Question 38

Freud also argued that personality is a product of three conflicting elements:

Answer 38

Id, Ego, and Superego

Question 39

The primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories (Pleasure Principle)

Answer 39

ID

Question 40

Operates as a moral conscience (Conscience)

Answer 40

Super-ego

Question 41

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the di and the super ego (Reality Principle)

Answer 41

Ego

Question 42

Existence of unconscious where feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are contained outside of one’s conscious mind

Answer 42

Psychoanalysis

Question 43

Psychoanalytic Concepts

Answer 43

Psychosexual Development, Libido and Ego

Question 44

Freud suggested that humans are inherently _____________

Answer 44

Pleasure-Seeking Individuals

Question 45

Immediately shot into controversy for it emphasized the existence of the unconscious wherein feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are contained outside of one's conscious mind.

Answer 45

Psychoanalysis

Question 46

Revolutionized how w e think about and treat mental health conditions

Answer 46

Freudian Revolution

Question 47

Freud founded _____________ as a way of listening to patients and better understanding how their minds work.

Answer 47

Psychoanalysis

Question 48

Credited for dominating psychotherapeutic practice in the early 20th century

Answer 48

Significance of Freudian Revolution

Question 49

Intellectual revolutions face resistance from those who benefit from maintaining the status quo.

Answer 49

Resistance to Change

Question 50

Critics argue that intellectual revolutions often lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultural heritage.

Answer 50

Loss of Tradition

Question 51

The pursuit of new ideas may raise ethical questions and dilemmas that need to be addressed during an intellectual revolution.

Answer 51

Ethical Dilemmas

Question 52

TRUE OR FALSE: The interaction of society with science and technology allowed the beginning of the Intellectual Revolution

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

TRUE OR FALSE: Kepler was persecuted by the church due to his Geocentric model

Answer 53

FALSE - Kepler is known for his work on the HELIOCENTRIC model.

Question 54

TRUE OR FALSE: The Darwinian Revolution changed the way people understood nature and evolution.

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

TRUE OR FALSE: The Freudian Revolution was controversial and highly met with resistance.

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

TRUE OR FALSE: The natural selection theory describes how organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

Answer 56

TRUE

Question 57

Founded psychoanalysis

Answer 57

Sigmund Freud

Question 58

He proposed the Heliocentric concept of the Solar System

Answer 58

Copernicus

Question 58

It was the time of rebirth in creativity in Europe in the 1300s where changes in areas like political, social, economic, and cultural happened.

Answer 58

THE RENAISSANCE

Question 59

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions are often met with huge support and general acceptance.

Answer 59

FALSE - not always met with huge support.

Question 60

TRUE OR FALSE: Sigmund Freud introduced scientific approaches to understanding the human subconcious.

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions emerges as a result of interaction of man and society.

Answer 61

TRUE

Question 61

He believed that the earth was the center of the universe.

Answer 61

PTOLEMY

Question 62

TRUE OR FALSE: Intellectual Revolutions are necessary in understanding how society is transformed by science and technology.

Answer 62

TRUE

Question 63

The analogy of Instincts

Answer 63

Id