Intellectual Impairment

Question 1

What is the definition of a Learning Disability?

Answer 1

A learning disability is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities

Question 2

What 2 areas does an intellectual disability affect the functioning of?

Answer 2

Intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving and judgement)
Adaptive functioning (activities of daily life such as communication and independent living)

Question 3

What is the Medical Model for disabilities?

Answer 3

The medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences
Under the medical model, these impairments or differences should be ‘fixed’ or changed by medical and other treatments

Question 4

What is the Social Model for disabilities?

Answer 4

Disability is caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference
Social organisation that takes little or no account of people who have impairments

Question 5

What is Down’s Syndrome?
Medical Features?

Answer 5

A neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin affecting chromosome 21
Medical Features
Congenital heart defects
Alzheimer’s disease
Epilepsy
Leukaemia
Hearing impairment
Diabetes mellitus
Coeliac disease
Thyroid disease
Intellectual impairment

Question 6

What is Prader Willi Syndrome?
Clinical Features?

Answer 6

Chromosome 15 is affected
The person affected has a constant desire to eat
Clinical Features:
Restricted growth, leading to short stature
Reduced muscle tone (hypotonia)
Learning difficulties
Lack of sexual development
Behavioural problems, such as temper tantrums

Question 7

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 7

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex developmental condition, behaviourally defined that includes a range of possible developmental impairments in social interaction and communication

Question 8

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 8

Neurological condition that affects movement and co-ordination

Question 9

What options is there for management of treatment for those with Learning Difficulties?

Answer 9

Behavioural Management
Conscious Sedation
General Anaesthetic
Local Anaesthetic

Question 10

What are the types of Conscious Sedation?
Its aim?

Answer 10

Inhalation
Intra-nasal
Intra-venous
Aim- reducing fear and anxiety, augmenting pain control, minimising movement and increasing safety

Question 11

What are the indications for General Anaesthetic?

Answer 11

A clear inability to co-operate with the provision of dental care using other patient management techniques (including sedation)
There is a significant volume of treatment
If significant medical complexity is evident patient can be managed in a controlled and safe environment with medical support

Question 12

What is Safeguarding and Adult Protection?

Answer 12

Involves a spectrum of measures with the purposes of preventing harm and promoting welfare and protecting individuals from harm