Disability & Legislation

Question 1

What is the definition of Impairment?

Answer 1

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
Impairment is considered to occur at the level of organ or system

Question 2

What is the definition of Disability?

Answer 2

Any restriction or lack (resulting from impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range of considered normal for a human being
Disability is concerned with functional performance or activity, affecting the whole person
Disability is activity restricted by impairment

Question 3

What is the definition of Handicap?

Answer 3

A disadvantage for an individual resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual

Question 4

What does the Equality Act 2010 outline?

Answer 4

Provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all
It legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and society

Question 5

What are the 9 Protected Characteristics?

Answer 5

Age
Disability
Gender Reassignment
Marriage or civil partnership
Pregnancy and Maternity
Race
Religion or Belief
Sex
Sexual Orientation

Question 6

What are the 4 types of discrimination?

Answer 6

Direct Discrimination
Indirect Discrimination
Harassment
Victimisation

Question 7

What is the definition of Direct Discrimination?

Answer 7

Treating someone with a protected characteristic less favourably than others

Question 8

What is the definition of Indirect Discrimination?

Answer 8

Putting rules or arrangements in place that apply to everyone but that put someone with a protected characteristic at an unfair disadvantage

Question 9

What is the definition of Harassment?

Answer 9

Unwanted behaviour linked to a protected characteristic that violates someone’s dignity or creates an offensive environment for them

Question 10

What is the definition of Victimisation?

Answer 10

Treating someone unfairly because they’ve complained about discrimination or harassment

Question 11

What are the 5 Domains for overcoming barriers for people with disabilites?

Answer 11

Accessibility
Accommodation
Affordability
Acceptability
Availability

Question 12

What is an Upstream approach to public health?

Answer 12

Policies aimed at a community level

Question 13

What is a Downstream approach to public health?

Answer 13

Policies aimed at an individual level

Question 14

What is outlined in the Patient Rights Act?

Answer 14

The act gives everyone the right to receive healthcare that:
Considers their needs
Considers what would most benefit their health and wellbeing
Encourages them to take part in decisions about their health and wellbeing, and gives them the information and support to do so

Question 15

What is outlined in The Mental Health (Care & Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003?

Answer 15

Applies to people who have a ‘mental disorder’
This is defined under the Act and includes mental illness, personality disorder or learning disability

Question 16

What are the 3 Main Types of Cerebral Palsy?
What area of the Brain do they each affect?
What affect does this have on the individual?

Answer 16

Spastic
–Cortex
–Increased muscle tone, muscles are stiff making movements awkward
Ataxic
–Cerebellum
–Co-ordination/balance, usteady when they walk
Dyskinetic
–Basal Ganglia
–Uncontrollable movements, makes it difficult to sit and walk

Question 17

What areas of the body does Diplegia affect? (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)

Answer 17

Muscle stiffness is mainly in the legs, with the arms less affected or not affected at all

Question 18

What areas of the body does Hemiplegia affect? (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)

Answer 18

Affects only one side of the body, usually the arms are more affected than the legs

Question 19

What areas of the body does Quadriplegia affect? (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)

Answer 19

Affects all 4 limbs
Patients usually cannot walk and often have other developmental disabilities

Question 20

What are some dental considerations of patients with Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 20

Difficulty to tolerating dental treatment (lying comfortably on the chair)
Increased rate of malocclusion (due to hypotonia of the facial musculature/tongue movement and mouth breathing)
Increased risk of dental trauma (due to mobility issues +/- malocclusion)
Drooling
Poor oral hygiene (difficulty holding a brush)