Intellectual Disability Flashcards
What is the definition of intellectual disability
significantly sub average intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptic failure, all taking place <18 y/o
What is the IQ cutoff between normal and intellectually disabled
<70
how is intellectual disability classified
By IQ
mild (69-50)
moderate (49-35)
severe (34-20)
Profound (<20)
what is the distribution of cases across the classifications of intellectual disability
85% of all IDs are mild
2-3% total people are mildly intellectually impaired
0.5% of people are each moderately or severely impaired
0.05% are profoundly impaired
What could you expect from someone with a mild intellectual disability in a functional sense
can sustain a relationship/hold a job
What could you expect from someone with a moderate intellectual disability in a functional sense
mostly autonomous - probably requires some supervision
can communicate adequately
can do simple household jobs
probably requires supervision in the workplace
What could you expect from someone with a severe intellectual disability in a functional sense
can wash and is continent but other ADLS need help
often physically disabled
limited communication
continuous care required
What could you expect from someone with a profound intellectual disability in a functional sense
extensive help with basic ADLs required
minimal communications
continuous care required
what are some chromosomal causes for intellectual disability and which is the most common
Trisomy 21 (most common) Fragile X (2nd most) cri du chat tuberous sclerosis neurofibromatosis phenylketonuria
what are some prenatal causes of intellectual disability
pre-eclampsia congenital hyperplasia rubella/CMV foetal alcohol syndromes placental insufficiency
what are some perinatal causes of intellectual disability
hypoxia
interventricular haemorrhage
hyperbilirubinemia
what are some perinatal causes of intellectual disability
malnutrition chronic food poisoning head injury neglect + abuse brain infection childhood brain tumour
consequences ofintellectual diasbility
increased risk of: suicide self harm property damage harm to others unsupervised exit harm from others
how many people with ID have comorbid autism
> 2/3
what are the typical presentations for autism
impaired social interaction communication issues fixation of routines aloofness little/no interaction with mother when young little eye contact no imaginative play carry same object around agile but clumsy when copying movemeents can't understand the world speech disorder
what kind of speech disorders do you see with autism
49% no speech exact repitition pronoun reversal (no personal pronouns when referring to self) difficulty with abstractions poor NVC
What are some features of aspergers/autism spectrum disorder
good speech but long winded and literal long monologues monotonous good memories lack of social common sense physically clumsy variable intelligence, but generally above average sufficient personal spacee important need organisation
what is the behavioural approach to Aspergers/ASD
deal with obsessions in a graded change way, decrease frequency gradually with positive reinforcement
set limits for challenging behaviour
warn before interruption of a tantrum
destructive behaviour = immediate interruption
avoid saying NO
short and concrete explanation about why
allow tantrum to burn out
education
parent counselling
no medication as its not very useful
How do suicide attempts manifest in intellectual disability
suicide attemps are rare and often poorly planned
how can bipolar present in intellectual disability
challenging behaviour giggling overactivity excitement disinhibition - masturbation less elaborate delusions
how can schizophrenia present in intellectual disability
poverty of thought
less elaborate delusions
simple/repetitive hallucinations
sudden deterioration from baeline
persecutory delusions/thought disorders less common
lower age of onset
may be fear, withdrawal, acting out of character, sleep disturbance
what neurological condition is more common in intellectual disability and by how much
epilepsy
school kids 0.6% compared to 3-6% of mild ID and 44% of moderate and above by the age of 22
