Intellectual Disability Flashcards
a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that originates before the age of 22.
Intellectual Disability
What are the intellectual disabilities?
Down Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Developmental Delay
Define intellectual disability
A condition characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that originates before the age of 22.
A disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and distinguishing physical features.
Down Syndrome
the most common chromosomal form of ID, it is sometimes referred to as trisomy 21.
Down Syndrome
named after John Langdon Down in 1886
Down Syndrome
Previously known as mongolism.
Down Syndrome
Who are the famous persons with Down Syndrome?
- Madeline Stewart
- Pablo Pineda
Became the first professional model with Down Syndrome featured in high-profile publications and runways
uses her platform to advocate
Madeline Stewart
First person with down syndrome to earn a major degree from a regular university in Spain, also earn ed degree a BA in Educ Psychology while working.
Pablo Pineda
A condition occurring in a fetus or newborn due to utero ethanol exposure when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Can lead to severe learning disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
It is on the severe end of the FASD, and is a lifelong condition and a leading cause of intellectual disability (higher than Down Syndrome and cerebral palsy)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Who are the famous persons with FAS
Jim Carey
Morgan Fawcett
one of the most notable comedian of all time and experienced abandonment issues from his mother’s continuous drug and alcohol use into his childhood.
Jim Carey
Is diagnosed with FASD. A tlingit flute plater with full musical albums, a public speaker, and a part of an NGO. He wants to help educate others about FASD, both native youth and people nationwide.
Morgan Fawcett
Refers to a child who has not gained the developmental skills expected, compared to others of the same age.
Developmental Delay
A neurodevelopmental disability that is only diagnosed in children less than 5 years of age.
Developmental Delay
A temporary diagnose until the child is old enough to participate in standardized testing.
Developmental Delay
Usually diagnosed to those who show significant delays in two or more of the following developmental domains:
- Fine or Gross Motor Skills
- Speech and Language
- Social and Personal Skills
- Daily Living
Symptoms of DS Accrdg to ICD 10th R (2016)
FPFPBSTLH
● flat hypoplastic face with a
short nose
● prominent epicanthic skin
folds small low-set ears with
prominent antihelix
● fissured and thickened
tongue lack of joint ligaments
● pelvic dysplasia
● broad hands and feet
● stubby fingers
● transverse palmar crease
● lenticular opacities
● heart disease or congenital
heart malformations
Symptoms of DS Barlow, Durand, and Hoffman (2017)
-folds in the corners of their upwardly slanting eyes
-flat nose
-small mouth with a flat roof tat makes the tongue protrude
True or False patients with down syndrome have an estimated 5-30 fold increased risk for leukemia; most have symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by age 40.
FALSE:
10 to 30-fold increased risk for leukemia.
In terms of cognitive development, what is/are the symptoms of DS?
-Mild to moderate intellectual disability
-delays in speech and language development
In terms of behavior of DS, what is/are the symtpoms?
-Stubbornness and tantrums
-difficulty in paying attention
obsessive and compulsive behaviors.
These are the symptoms of FAS according from ICD. Enumerate (6)
Low Birth weight
Failure to thrive
Developmental Defects
Organ Dysfunction
Mental Deficiencies
Poor Motor Coordination
Symptoms of FAS according to Wilmshurst;.
Clinical Features include (4)
- Central nervous system dysfunction
-impaired motor coordination
-overactivity
-slow growth and unusual facial features
Symptoms of FAS in terms of learning and thinking (3)
- poor judgment skills and understanding of choices
- short attention span
- difficulties in organizing and working toward a goal
Symptoms of FAS in terms of socialization and behavior
- have issues wit controlling actions and emotions
- have trouble getting along with others
- easily taken advantage of
What are the symptoms of developmental delay according DSM-5-TR
-the diagnosis is reserved for individuals under the age of 5 years when the clinical severity level cannot be reliable assessed during childhood.
- the category is diagnosed when an individual fails to meet expected development milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
-applies to individuals who are unable to undergo systematic assessment of intellectual functioning, including children who are too young to participate in standardized testing.
-requires reassessment after some time.
Caused by chromosomal abnormality
Down Syndrome
Causation of Down Syndrome according to Barlow, Durand, and Hoffman (2017)
- age of the mother increases, so does the chances of having a child with this disorder.
NOTE: However, most children who are born with down syndrome are born to younger mothers. (reason? not clear)
Other risk factors of Down Syndrome:
- teenage or young pregnancy
-old age of parents
-being carriers of the genetic translocations for down syndrome - having one child with Down Syndrome
What are the 3 Main Types of Down Syndrome:
- Trisomy 21
- Mosaicism
- Translocation
This a type of down syndrome where there is an extra full copy of chromosome 21 in all cells due to nondisjunction.
Trisomy 21
This a type of down syndrome where some cells have three copies of chromosome 21, others have two
Mosaicism
This a type of down syndrome where part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome.
Translocation
Fetal alcohol syndrome happens when a person consumes alcoholic drinks during pregnancy. List the results how it happens:
- alcohol can affect and kill cells in different parts of the fetus causing abnormal physical development.
-alcohol constricts blood vessels causing a shortage of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
-toxic byproducts of alcohol can concentrate in the baby’s brain cells and cause damage.
Causes of Developmental Delay
-Genetic or hereditary conditions like Down Syndrome
-Metabolic Disorders like phenylketonuria (PKU)
-Trauma to brain (e.g., shaken baby syndrome)
-Severe psychosocial trauma (PTSD)
-exposure to certain toxic substances like prenatal alcohol exposure or lead poisoning.
-some severe infections
-deprivation of food or environment.
Intervention for Down Syndrome
- Task Analysis
- Sign Language alongside Spoken Language
- Augmentative Strategies
- IEPs
- Occupational and Physical Therapy
- Inclusive Education
- Socialization Programs
- Parental and Peer Support
This intervention is broken into its components and people are taught each part in succession until they can perform the whole skill.
Task Analysis
Example(s) are picture books, teaching the person to request by pointing to a picture.
Augmentative Strategies
Tailor goals to meet child’s unique needs
IEP
Builds motors skills and promote independence
Occupational and Physical Therapy
Mainstream classrooms with support that foster social skills
Inclusive Education
Encourage interaction with peers, promote social skills, and foster sense of belongingness
Socialization Programs
Educates and involves family members and peers.
Parental and peer Support
Increases verbal skills, improves functional communication, as well as emotional and behavioral functioning
Applied Behavior Analysis
What are the interventions for FAS
Applied Behavior Analysis
Speech, Physical, and Occupational Therapy
Special Education
Vocational Rehabilitation
Life Skills Training
Can help with walking, talking, and social skills
Speech, Physical, and Occupational Therapy
Helps with learning and behavioral issues
Special Education
Helps with independence, problem solving, and decision making.
Life Skills Training
What are the interventions for Developmental Delay
- Physical Therapy
- occupational therapy
- speech and language therapy
- special education
- behavioral therapy
This intervention for developmental delay is helpful for children with delays in gross motor skills.
Physical Therapy
This intervention for developmental delay addresses fine motor skills, sensory processing, and self-help issues.
Occupational Therapy
This intervention for developmental delay addresses problems in the areas of understanding and producing language and speech sounds
Speech and Language Therapy
Provides stimulation for early developmental skills, including play skills.
Special Education
Needed in some children for behavioral difficulties that are socially appropriate behaviors.
Behavioral Therapy
