Disruptive Disorders (ADD ADHD) Flashcards
An outdated term for ADHD
Attention-Deficit Disorder ADD
What are the two main types of ADD
With hyperactivity
Without hyperactivity
What are the three criterions of ADD?
Inattention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
a condition that impairs an individual’s ability to properly focus and to control impulsive behaviors, or it may make the person overactive.
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
What are the 3 main types of ADHD?
- Predominantly Inattentive
- Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
- Combined Presentation
TRUE OR FALSE
Severity of ADHD can be mild, moderate, and severe.
TRUE
A symptom of ADHD
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by (1) and/or (2):
Give at least 3
- Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities
- Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
-Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
- Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
- Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli (for older adolescents and adults, may include unrelated thoughts)
Is often forgetful in daily activities
A symptom of ADHD
Hyperactivity (6+ symptoms of the ff, persists at least 6 months)
- Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in their seat.
- Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
- Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate. (Note: In adolescents or adults, it may be limited to feeling restless.)
- Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
- Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor”
- Often talks excessively.
- Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed
- Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others
What are the causes of ADD and ADHD?
Genetic Factors
Environmental Factors
Temperamental Factors
Is a causation of ADHD characterized by:
-Highly hereditary polygenic disorder
-74% heritability
-Frequently manifests within families
Genetic Factor
Causation of ADHD
In this, we have environmental factors and these are before, during, and after birth. Identify if it is before, during, and after.
- Smoking or drinking
- Drug use
- Exposure to toxins like lead or pesticides
Before
Causation of ADHD
In this, we have environmental factors and these are before, during, and after birth. Identify if it is before, during, and after.
- Premature birth or low birth weight
- Lack of oxygen during birth
During
Causation of ADHD
In this, we have environmental factors and these are before, during, and after birth. Identify if it is before, during, and after.
- Illnesses like meningitis or encephalitis
After
Is a causation of ADHD characterized by:
Reduced Behavioral Inhibition
Effortful Control
Negative Emotionality
Elevated Novelty Seeking
Temperamental Factors
Interventions for ADHD
Inattention
-Organizational Skills Training
- Behavior Classroom Management
-CBT and Other Therapies
Hyperactivity or Impulsivity
- Behavioral Parent Training
-Classroom Interventions
Generally:
-Play Therapy
- Brain Training or Neurofeedback
- Music Therapy
- Physical Activity
- IEPs
Causes of ADHD, True or False:
ADHD is a highly hereditary unigenic disorder.
FALSE: Polygenic Disorder
Causes of ADHD, True or False:
ADHD has a 75% heretability
FALSE: 74%
Causes of ADHD, True or False:
ADHD frequently manifests within families.
True
Causes of ADHD, Temperamental Factors:
Difficulty controlling impulses or stopping themselves from acting on immediate urges.
Reduced Behavioral Inhibition
Causes of ADHD, Temperamental Factors:
A tendency to experience and express strong negative emotions, such as frustration, anger, or sadness.
Negative Emotionality
Causes of ADHD, Temperamental Factors:
Challenges in focusing attention
Effortful Control
Causes of ADHD, Temperamental Factors:
A strong preference for new, stimulating, or exciting experiences.
Elevated Novelty Seeking
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Focuses on building organization, time
management, and planning skills.
Organizational Skills Training
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Teachers implement strategies to improve
attention and reduce disruptive behavior.
Behavior Classroom Management
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Focuses on identifying negative thought
patterns and behaviors that contribute to
procrastination, disorganization, and other
common ADHD challenges.
CBT and other Therapies
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Parents are trained to use behavior modification
techniques to manage their child’s hyperactive
and impulsive behaviors
Behavioral Parent Training
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Adjustments in the classroom, such as providing movement breaks, allowing the use of fidget tools, and seating arrangements that minimize distractions, can help manage hyperactive
behaviors.
Classroom Interventions
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
● To help children with ADHD connect, learn,
provide reassurance, calm anxiety, and improve
self-esteem.
● An indirect way to recast children’s perceptions,
cognitions, and behaviors.
Play Therapy
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
● Uses brain exercises to reduce impulsivity and
increase attentiveness in children and adults
with ADHD.
● However, this has not been rigorously studied.
(little effect on others while large on others)
Brain Training or Neurofeedback
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
Bolsters attention and focus, reduces hyperactivity, and strengthens social skills
Music Therapy
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
● Regular physical exercise has been shown to
reduce hyperactivity and improve attention in
children with ADHD. Activities that require
discipline and focus
● E.g., Martial Arts, and Yoga
Physical Activity
Intervention specify for what kind of intervention:
● a service that is as unique as the child’s needs.
IEPs
