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CP2 Psychiatry > Intellectual disabilities > Flashcards

Intellectual disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning.
IQ < 70
Onset <18

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2
Q

Mild LD - IQ

A

50-69

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3
Q

Mild LD - prevalence

A

1.5-3%

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4
Q

Moderate LD - IQ

A

35-49

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5
Q

Moderate LD - prevalence

A

0.5%

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6
Q

What may someone with a moderate LD need help with

A

Supervised environment

Work in sheltered workshop

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7
Q

Severe LD - IQ

A

20-34

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8
Q

Severe LD - prevalence (w/ mod)

A

0.5%

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9
Q

What does someone with severe LD need help with

A

Daily living
Often physically disabled
Usually needs continuous care

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10
Q

What can someone with severe LD usually d?

A

Wash
Maintain continence
Limited communication

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11
Q

Profound LD - IQ

A

<20

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12
Q

Profound LD - prevalence

A

0.05%

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13
Q

What are LD associated with?

A

M > F

lower SE classes

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14
Q

In what % of LD is there no identifiable cause?

A

30%

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15
Q

What is the most common ID cause?

A

Downs

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16
Q

What is the 2nd most common ID cause?

A

Fragile X syndrome

17
Q

What genetic change is Cri du chat

A

Deletion in short arm chromosome 5

18
Q

What ID can tuberous sclerosis lead to?

A

Autism

19
Q

What type of ID does neurofibromatosis cause?

A

Mild ID

20
Q

Pre-natal causes ID? (5)

A 
Pre-eclampsia 
Placental insufficiency 
Infections - rubella, toxoplasmosis, CMV, syphilis 
Foetal alcohol syndrome 
Congenital hypothyroidism
21
Q

Peri-natal causes ID (3)

A

Hyperbilirubinameia
Birth trauma + hypoxia
Intraventricular haemorrhage

22
Q

Post-natal causes ID (6)

A 
Childhood brain tumour 
Head injury 
Brain infection 
Malnutrition 
Neglect + abuse
23
Q

Risks in ID (5)

A 
Suicide 
Self-harm 
Damage to property 
Harm towards others 
Unsupervised exit, harm from others
24
Q

RAAMP

A 
Concept risk assessment + Mx plan 
Collect evidence 
ID triggers + context 
Plan consequences 
Develop strategies to minimise behaviour risk
25
Q

Basic principles for Mx someone with a LD

A 
Personal space = important 
Quiet location 
Each day organised + explained 
Planned space for rituals 
Content of activities not beyond their capabilities 
Obsessions
26
Q

Prognosis ID

A

Life-long disorder
Normal LE
Some improvements w/ age
Doesn’t develop into schizophrenia

27
Q

What is associated with a better prognosis in a patient with an ID

A

Early speech

Higher intelligence

28
Q

Depression + ID - Sx

A 
Diurnal mood/activity variation 
Agitation --> wandering 
Loss appetite 
Sleep disturbance 
Speech/motor retardation 
Observed anxiety 
Exaggeration of need for sameness 
Depressive ideas + suicidal ideas rare rare
29
Q

Mania/bipolar + ID - Sx

A

Challenging behaviour
Giggling
Overactivity + excitement
Disinhibition - inapprop masturbation

30
Q

Schizophrenia + ID - Sx

A 
Poverty of though 
Hallucinations - simple + repetitive 
Earlier age of inset
Fear
Withdrawal 
Challenging behavior 
Sleep disturbances
31
Q

What % individuals w/ autism have ID?

A

66%

32
Q

What are the 3 classical impairments in autism

A

Social interaction
Communication
Repetition

33
Q

PS Autism

A 
Aloof 
Repetitive movements 
Little/no interaction w/ mother 
Doesn't bring toys to show mother 
Doesn't run to greet parents 
Doesn't follow mother around house 
Little eye contact 
No imaginative play 
Carry same object around 
Temper tantrums
34
Q

What % autistic people do not speak

A

49%

35
Q

Other speech qualities of an autistic person

A

Exact repetition
Pronoun reversal
Difficulty w/ abstraction
Poor non-verbal communication

36
Q

Classical features Aspergers

A

Good speech, long winded + literal
Monotomous
God memories, not interested in wider applications
Lack of common senses in social interaction
Physically clumsy
Intelligence - variable

37
Q

What % of mild ID have epilepsy

A

3-6%

38
Q

What % of moderate or > have epilepsy by age 22

A

44%

CP2 Psychiatry (15 decks)

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