Intellectual disabilites

Question 1

Define what an intellectual disability is.

Answer 1

A condition fo arrest or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterised by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to overall level of intelligence e.g. cognitive, language and social abilites.

Question 2

What are the criteria for an intellectual disabiliity?

Answer 2

IQ<70
Social or adaptive dysfunction in 2 or more of the following adaptive skills: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and saftey, functional academics, leisure and work
Onset in developmental period (before 18)

Question 3

How is the severity of an intellectual disability categorised?

Answer 3

Mild - IQ 50-69 or functional age 9-12 years
Moderate LD IQ 35-49 or functional age 6-9 years
Severve LD IQ 20-34 or fucntional age 3-6 years
Profound LD IQ <20 or functional age < 3years

Question 4

What are the health inequalities faced by people with IDs?

Answer 4

Social exclusion
Socioeconomic deprivation
Inaccessible services
Discrimination
Challenges to communication
Lack of appropriate knoewledge and skills of professionals
Minimal evidence base from research- they often strugg;e to consent for research

Question 5

What are the adaptive skills in which people with intellectual disabilites can have social or adaptive dysfunction in?

Answer 5

Communication
Self-care
Home living
social skills
community use
self-direction
Health and saftey
functional academics
leisure and work

Question 6

What can cause an Intellectual disability?

Answer 6

Many are idioptahic.

Could be inherited or aquired cause:
Inherited:
Down's syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Angelman syndrome
Fragile X

Aquired:
Infective e.g. Rubella
Traumatic e.g. hypoxic injury during birth
Toxic e.g. feotal alcohol syndrome, sodium valproate used by mother in pregnancy (to treat epilepsy or bipolar disorder)