Intellectual Development

Question 1

Piagets Theory summary

Answer 1

His research focused on how children acquire the ability to think.
He came to the conclusion children think differently to adults

Piaget believed that the ability to think logically does not happen until the age of 7.

Question 2

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stages, with the ages.

Answer 2

Sensorimotor Stage =2 years
Preoperational Stage =2-7 years
Concrete Operation Stage = 7-11 years
Formal Operation Stage = 11+

Question 3

Summary for sensorimotor stage (2 years)

Answer 3

Focus on what they are doing and physical interactions with their immediate environment

Constantly experimenting with activities such as shaking or throwing things, putting things in their mouth and learning about the world through trail and error.

Memory is developing.
Infants start crawling, standing and walk, increased physical mobility has lead to increased cognitive development.
Early language development a sign that they are developing some symbolic activities.

Question 4

Summary of preoperational stage 2-7 years

Answer 4

At 7 young children are able to think about things symbolically.
They develop memory, imagination allows them to understand the differences between past+ future and engage in make believe play.

Question 5

Summary of concrete operation stage 7-11

Answer 5

7-11 demonstrate logical, concrete reasoning. Their thinking becomes less egocentric, increasing aware of external events.

Realise that everyone’s own thoughts and feelings are different.

Question 6

Summary for formal operational stage 11+

Answer 6

Abe to logically use symbols related to abstract concepts such as algebra and science.

Think about multiple variables
Think about abstract relationships

Question 7

What did Piaget believe about the formal operational stage

Answer 7

Although Piaget believed in lifelong intellectual development, he insisted that although the formal operation stage is the final stage of the cognitive development.
Adults depends on the accumulation of knowledge

Question 8

Development of schemas

Answer 8

Schema involves both mental and physical action in understanding and knowing. They are categorised f different knowledge which helps us to interpret and understand the world

Question 9

Conservation examples

Answer 9

Number 
Mass
Volume 
Length 
Area 
Weight

Question 10

Definition of equilibration

Answer 10

A state of cognitive balance when a child’s experience is n line with what they understand.

Question 11

Definition of disequilibrium

Answer 11

A state of cognitive imbalance between the experience and what is understood

Question 12

Definition of accommodation

Answer 12

The process of taking in new information into our previously exist schema’s is known as simulation

Question 13

Criticism of Piagets Theory

Answer 13

• the stages may be inaccurate or just plain wrong
• Piaget may have underestimated the development of young children
  Children may reach stages airier than suggest in his fixed stages

Environmental factors may play a role in the development of formal operation

4-5 year old children have some ability to take the perspective of another person, meaning they are far less egocentric then Piagets believed

Question 14

Support for Piagets theory

Answer 14

Piagets observation that kids actually think differently to adults, provided new era of research.
May education programs are now built upon the belief that children should be taught at the level for which they developmentally prepared

Some teaching strategies have changes such as:

• providing a supportive environment
• utilising social interactions and peer teaching
• helping children see misconceptions and inconsistencies in their thinking

Question 15

Give a summary for Chomsky’s theory.

Answer 15

A model in relation to how children aquifer language

Question 16

What is the Language Acquisition Device ( LAD)

Answer 16

Chomsky believed that it was used to explain how children seem to instinctively gain language .

He believed that children were born with a natural instinct to lear language

Question 17

What did Chomsky believe?

Answer 17

Believed that babies re born with instinctive ability to learn language.

He believed that when children learn language it follows a pattern.
He believes humans have a (LAD) structure in the brain which allows babies to absorb and understand the rules of language.

He believed that children will be fluent i their own language at the age of 5.
The child will learn a set of generalisation or rules governing the way in which sentences are formed in the following sequences

Question 18

How did the LAD device work?

Answer 18

Input: LAD: Output

• primary Data. - genera language - child’s speech
• the adult speech - learning principles
  - grammatical knowledge the rules

Question 19

Criticism of Chomsky

Answer 19

Lack of scientific evidence
Too much emphasis on grammar, vocabulary and children generally learn form copping parents
Didn’t take into consideration people with disabilities such as yearning as it slows down development

Question 20

What is cognitive development

Answer 20

Ability of infants and young children’s ability to progress the world around them through their senses, taste, touch, sound, smell and sight.

Cognitive development evolves into active imagination and problem solving skills that help them plan and execute long term goals.

Question 21

What is language development

Answer 21

Unique skill that allows children to communicate with others, some children have these skills from a young age

Question 22

Intellectual development for infancy

Answer 22

Using their hands and mouth. They band, throw, drop , shake and put items in their mouth.

Learning how to use everyday objects.

Learn how to use a spoon. They learn to drink from a cup. They learn to comb their hair

By the age of 2 vocabulary of 50 words.use of two and three word sentences

Question 23

Intellectual development for early childhood

Answer 23

Imaginary play
Naming colours and begin to understand the concept of counting
Love listening to stories and looking at books
Begin to understand today/yesterday and next week

Question 24

How many words do u know at each stage:
Age 3
Age 4
Age 5
Age 6

Answer 24

Age 3 = 300 words
Age 4 = 1500 words
Age 5 = 2500 words
Age 6 = can count to 100

Question 25

Intellectual development in adolescence and early adulthood

Answer 25

Abstract thinking becomes common with older teenagers. They will change their minds to suit their goals and wishes.
Thinking considers the future. They can have thoughtful discussions about war,college the economy and their visions of what would make the world better.

Problem solving skills develop
Intellectual capacity as “logical weapons” against their parents. This has more to do with them separating from you, challenge you.

Question 26

Intellectual development in middle adulthood

Answer 26

Can think through problems and make sound judgements using life experiments.

Thinking becomes realistic and pragmatic with expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permits judgement about important matters

Question 27

Intellectual development in later adulthood

Answer 27

Short term memory

Slower though process and reaction time

Question 28

What is abstract logical thinking?

Answer 28

The ability to solve problems using imagination, with being involved practically.

Question 29

What is egocentric thinking?

Answer 29

Not being able to see a situation from another person of view

Question 30

What is concrete logical thinking?

Answer 30

He ability to solve problems provide they are involved practically.

Question 31

How is intellectual development affected at early adulthood?

Answer 31

Thinking becomes realistic and pragmatic, with expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits judgement about important matters.

Question 32

How does intellectual development change in adulthood

Answer 32

Memory loss