Intellect Flashcards
The D________ R________ of K________ asserted monarchs’ authority came from God& while the C________ S________ enforced religious uniformity.
Divine Right → Kings → Confessional State
The T________ C________ (1630s) promoted religious tolerance but failed to gain wide support.
Tew Circle
Hobbes’ L________ (1651) argued humans create a social contract with a sovereign to escape the “state of nature” (________).
Leviathan → anarchy
Hobbes believed sovereignty came from the ________& not God& and supported a state church for ________ stability.
people → political
Locke’s Two T________ of G________ (1689) argued governments must protect natural rights to ________& ________& and ________.
Treatises → Government → life → liberty → property
Locke’s Letter Concerning T________ (1689) rejected the confessional state& influencing the ________ Revolution (1688).
Toleration → Glorious
The L________ demanded universal male suffrage and abolition of the C________ of E________.
Levellers → Church → England
The D________ rejected private property& while the F________ M________ predicted Christ’s earthly kingdom.
Diggers → Fifth Monarchists
The R________ shocked society by rejecting all moral constraints& whereas the Q________ emphasized inner light.
Ranters → Quakers
Execution of C________ I (1649) challenged divine right; G________ Revolution (1688) justified by Locke.
Charles → Glorious
Clarendon Code (1660s) enforced religious conformity& but persecution strengthened demands for ________.
toleration
F______ B______ (1561–1626) advocated the “________ method” – systematic observation and ________ reasoning.
Francis Bacon → inductive → empirical
Bacon’s The Great I________ (1620) called for rejecting A________ and G________’s ancient theories.
Instauration → Aristotle → Galen
W______ H______ proved blood circulation (1628) using Bacon’s methods& overturning G________’s 4-humor theory.
William Harvey → Galen
The R______ S______ was founded in ______ (year) with a charter from C______ II.
Royal Society → 1660 → Charles
Key RS figures: C______ W______ (architecture)& R______ B______ (chemistry)& and H______ O______ (peer review).
Christopher Wren → Robert Boyle → Henry Oldenburg
The RS’s journal P______ T______ (est. ______) became the first scientific periodical.
Philosophical Transactions → 1665
I______ N______’s Principia (1687) introduced laws of ________ and calculus (independently of L________).
Isaac Newton → motion → Leibniz
Medieval science relied on P______’s geocentric model and G______’s anatomy until V________’s dissections (1543).
Ptolemy → Galen → Vesalius
J______ E______’s S______ (1664) improved forestry for England’s ________ industry.
John Evelyn → Sylva → naval
The RS’s limitations: lacked ________ (funding/space) and relied on ________ (gentry/merchants) for support.
resources → gentry
Locke’s Two Treatises justified overthrowing ________ II in the ________ Revolution (1688).
James → Glorious
Hobbes supported a ________ church; Locke demanded ________ toleration.
state → religious
The L________’ A________ A________ (1647) demanded suffrage for all ________ men.
Levellers → Agreement → property-owning
The D________& led by G________ W________& cultivated common land at St. George’s Hill (1649).
Diggers → Gerrard Winstanley
Fifth M________ believed the execution of C________ I heralded Christ’s ________ rule.
Monarchists → Charles → millennial
Bacon: ________ → Descartes: ________ (contrasting scientific methods).
induction → deduction
RS focused on ________ science; universities clung to ________ traditions.
experimental → scholastic
Hobbes: “nasty& brutish& short” vs. Locke: “life& ________& ________”.
liberty → property
