integumentary system-hair Flashcards
The human body is covered with hair, except:
- Palms, Soles, Lips, Portions of external genitalia
- Functions of Hair
- Protects and insulates
- Guards openings against particles and insects
- Is sensitive to very light touch
- Located deep in dermis
- Produces nonliving hairs
- Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath
- Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus)
- The Hair Follicle
- Base is surrounded by sensory nerves or
root hair plexus
Accessory Structures of Hair
-Arrector pili muscle
-Sebaceous glands
- Involuntary smooth muscle connected to the hair root
- Causes hairs to stand up
- Produces “goose bumps
Arrector pili muscle
- Secrete Sebum (oily secretion)
- Lubricate the hair
- Control bacteria
- Sebaceous glands
Regions of the Hair
- Hair root
- Hair shaft
- Lower part of the hair beneath surface
- Anchors hair
Hair root
- Part of the hair that extends past the surface
(exposed)
*Not attached to the integument
Hair shaft
- Begins at the base of a hair, deep in the dermis
- The hair papilla contains capillaries
- The hair bulb produces hair matrix
Hair production
contains capillaries
hair papilla
-produces hair matrix
-A layer of dividing basal cells
- Produces hair structure
-Pushes hair up and out of skin
hair bulb
Types of Hairs
- Vellus hairs
- Terminal hairs
type of hair
* Soft, fine
* Cover body surface
- Vellus hairs
Types of Hair
* Thick, May be heavily pigmented
* Head, eyebrows, and eyelashes
* Other parts of body after puberty
- Terminal hairs
- Produced by melanocytes near the
hair papilla - Determined by genes
- Hair Color
- Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)
- Secrete sebum
Exocrine Glands in Skin
- Secrete sebum
- Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)
Two Types of Sweat Glands (Sudoriferous glands)
- Apocrine glands
- Merocrine (eccrine) glands
Sweat Glands or
Sudoriferous glands
Watery secretions what gland
Merocrine (eccrine) glands
Types of Sebaceous Glands
- Simple branched alveolar glands
- Sebaceous follicles
- Associated with hair follicles
- Simple branched alveolar glands
- Discharge directly onto skin surface
-Sebum - Contains lipids and other ingredients
-Lubricates and protects the epidermis - Inhibits bacteria
- Sebaceous follicles
- Contains lipids and other ingredients
- Lubricates and protects the epidermis
- Inhibits bacteria
- Sebum
- Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin
- Secrete products into hair follicles
- Produce sticky, cloudy secretions that break down and cause odors
- Become active at puberty
- Surrounded by myoepithelial cells
Apocrine Sweat Glands
- Squeeze apocrine gland secretions towards hair follicle
- In response to hormonal or nervous signa
myoepithelial cells
- Widely distributed on body surface especially on palms and soles
- Smaller, coiled, tubular glands that discharge directly onto skin surface
- Active from birth
- Sensible perspiration
- Secretion contain water, salts, and organic compounds (peptide with antibacterial
properties)
Merocrine (Eccrine) Sweat Glands
Functions of merocrine sweat gland activity
- Cools skin
- Excretes water and electrolytes
- Flushes microorganisms and harmful chemicals from skin
Other Integumentary Glands
- Mammary glands
- Ceruminous glands
-Covered in reproductive system)
- Produce milk
- Mammary glands
- Produce cerumen (earwax)
- Protect the eardrum
Ceruminous glands
earwax
cerumen
* Protect the eardrum
