Integumentary System Derm

Question 1

Stratum germinativum or stratum basale

Answer 1

Single layer of columnar cells, undergo mitosis, no migration…inner most

Question 2

Stratum spinosum

Answer 2

Two to four layers, cells differentiate

Question 3

Stratum granulosum

Answer 3

Only a few layers, most differentiated (some losing cytoplasm, others continue to synthesize keratin)

Question 4

Stratum lucidum

Answer 4

Thin, transparent layer mostly confined to the palms of the hands and soles of feet, transitional cells

Question 5

Stratum corneum

Answer 5

Many layers (15-100 layers depending on location), dead squamous-type keratinized cells…outer most

Question 6

Two types of sweat glands

Answer 6

Eccrine (Merocrine) sweat glands:
Located over entire body surface, originate in dermis and open directly to the skin surface
Primary function is to transport sweat to body surface to regulate body temperature (evaporation)

Apocrine sweat glands:
Less numerous, larger, located in deep dermal layer
Open through a hair follicle
Secrete more of an oily substance

Question 7

Macule

Answer 7

Circumscribed flat lesion

Question 8

Patch

Answer 8

Flat, Same description as macule but >1cm

Question 9

Papule

Answer 9

Elevated solid lesion with variable color

Question 10

Plaque

Answer 10

Raised flat-topped superficial lesion where diameter is greater than the thickness (>0.5cm)(often formed by coalescence of papules)

Question 11

Nodule

Answer 11

Elevated lesion with a rounded surface (generally deeper and firmer than a papule)(0.5 – 1-2cm)

Question 12

Tumor

Answer 12

Large nodule (>1-2cm)

Question 13

wheal

Answer 13

Somewhat irregular, transient swelling due to localized skin edema

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

Fluid-filled lesion up to 1cm

Question 15

Bulla

Answer 15

Serous-filled lesion > 1cm

Question 16

Pustule

Answer 16

Circumscribed lesion filled with pus

Question 17

Excoriation

Answer 17

Localized damage to the skin due to scratching and consists of linear or pinpoint erosions or crusts

Question 18

Comedones

Answer 18

Plug of sebaceous and keratinized material lodged in opening of hair follicle (blackhead is considered open comedone, whitehead is closed comedone)

Question 19

Lichenification

Answer 19

Thickening of the epidermis with increased skin markings due to persistent scratching (skin lines are accentuated)

Question 20

Boils (or furuncles)

Answer 20

Skin disease caused by the inflammation of hair follicles, resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissues

Question 21

Shapes

Answer 21

Annular: ring-shaped with active margin and clear center
Arcuate : arched, bow-shaped
Iris:  target lesion
Discoid:  disk-shaped
Nummular:  coin-shaped
Serpiginous:  snakelike
Guttate:  drop-sized
Morbilliform:  small confluent macules, forming irregular shapes