Integumentary System: Ch 5 Flashcards
Oxygenated, valves, carries blood away from the heart
Artery
Deoxygenated, carries blood to the heart
Vein
The three regions of the skin
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermics
Superficial region
Epidermis
Middle region
Dermis
Deepest region, mostly adipose tissue
Hypodermis
A specialized cell of the epidermis: proton keratin, waterproof
Keratinocytes
A specialized cell of the epidermis: it is in the lower epidermis and contains pigment melanin for skin color
Melanocytes
A specialized cell of the epidermis: macrophages for immunity
Langerhans cells
A specialized cell of the epidermis: tactile(touch) receptors
Tactile(merkel) cells
Order of the layer from superficial to deep
CLGSM
A layer of the epidermis with 20-30 rows that is flat and keratinized: it protects, waterproofs, and acts as a barrier
Stratum corneum
A clear layer of the epidermis in thick-skinned palms of hands and soles of feet. It’s rows are flat and dead keratinocytes. It’s function is protection.
Stratum lucidum
A thin layer of the epidermis which the cells are beginning to flatten. It contains keeatohyaline and lamellated granules accumulations. Granular layer.
Stratum granulosum
Prickly layer of the epidermis with a web like system of prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes (cell junction). Abundant melanin granules and dandratic cells for immunity.
Spinosum
The deepest layer of the epidermal firmly attached to the dermis. It contains a single row of stem cells. Cells undergo rapid division or are highly mitotic. Skin grows from inside to out and the journey from basal layer to surface takes 25 to 45 days.
Stratum basale
The best only dry membrane which has three regions
Skin
This is a region of the skin that has strong connective tissue, contains all tissue types, and has two layers.
Dermis
The two layers of the dermis
Papillary and reticular
A layer of the dermis that has areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels. It contains capillary loops, meissner’s corpuscles, and free nerve endings.
Papillary layer
A thick layer of the dermis that contains collagen fibers which provide strength and resiliency. It also contains elastic fibers which provide stretch and recoil properties.
Reticular layer
Epidermal nidges atop papillary ridges to form this of fingerprints.
Friction ridges
Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form this. Incisions made parallel to theses heal more readily.
Cleavage lines
What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color?
Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
A pigment of the skin that is yellow to reddish brown to black: responsible for dark skin colors: freckles and pigmented miles are accumulations of this
Melanin
A skin pigment that is yellow to orange and most obvious in the palms and soles
Carotene
Red protein that carries O2 in blood
Hemoglobin
A derivative of the epidermis with two main types
Sweat glands
Sweat glands abundant on palms, soles, and forehead: ducts connect to pores: function in thermoregulation
Eccrine
A type of sweat gland confined to axillary and above anogenital areas: sebum(sweat and fatty substances and protein): ducts connect to hair follicles: functional to puberty onward: ceremonious glands and mammary glands
Apocrine
In external ear canal; secrete wax
Ceruminous glands
A gland that is widely distributed, usually develops from hair follicles, and becomes active at puberty. Sebum and bactericidal softens hair and skin.
Sebaceous glands (oil)
Functions: alert the body of presence of objects on skin and protect the scalp against trauma, heat loss, and sunlight: it has dead keratinized cells which is more durable than soft keratin of skin
Hair
This occurs with decreased melanin production and increased air bubbles in shaft
Grey/white hair
This is a smooth muscle attached to follicle which is responsible for goose bumps
Arrector pili
Fine body hair
Vellus
Coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, pubic regions
Terminal
Hair thinning in both sexes after age 40
Alopecia
Modification of the epidermis
Nail
