Integumentary system Flashcards
membrane
a layer of connective tissue and a layer of epithelial tissue
synovial membranes
line the fibrous connective tissue capsules found in the joints of the skeletal system
synovial fluid
fluid secreted by the epithelial layer and server to reduce friction and wear to the bone ends during joint movement
mucous membranes
are made of a simple epithelial layer attached to a thin basement membranes
tracks that are open to the outside
serous membranes
are the epithelial membranes found in cavities that do not have opening to the external environment
like a balloon where the fluid does not touch outside of the serous container
mucus
mucous membranes secrete a thick, usually clear substance
example serous membranes
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavitites
serous membranes are continuous but folded into 2 distinct layers:
parietal layer
visceral layer
names will be slightly different depending on what organ they adhere too
parietal layer
lines the cavity
visceral layer
covers the organs
serous fluid
in the small space between the parietal and visceral layers which is secreted by the epithelial layer of membrane
provides lubrication to reduce friction between the two layers, which allows for smooth expansion, contraction, or movement of organs within the cavity
cutaneous membrane
is the body’s outer covering and the primary organ of the integumentary system
our skin
consists of a stratified layer of epithelial tissue attached to a thick connective tissue layer
pleura
in thoracic cavity, the serous membrane, protects the lungs as they expand and contract during breathing
peritoneum
abdominopelvic cavity, the serous membrane that lines the cavity and covers the organs
integumentary system
mainly skin, hair, and nail
cutaneous membrane
includes sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and general sensory receptors
Functions of skin:
protection temperature regulation excretion and absorption general sensory organ synthesis of vitamin D
Layers of skin
epidermis: made of epithelial tissue
dermal layer: connection tissue
hypodermis/subcutaneous layer: under cutaneous membrane
Epidermis layers:
Horny (stratum corneum) layer clear or glassy layer (stratum lucidum) granular layer (stratum granaulosum) spiny layer (stratum spinosum) germinating layer (stratum germinativum or stratum basale)
accessory organs
hair and nail
located within the dermis or arise from that layer and protrude through the epidermal layer
follicle
a tube that surrounds the root portion of each hair below the skin
arrector pili
a small smooth muscle that attached to the side of each hair follicle contracts to raise the hair when we are cold or frightened
2 specialized types of glands in dermis:
sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
oil glands, secrete an oily or waxy fluid that keeps skin soft and pliable
non on palms or soles of feet
sebum
oily secretion from these glands, keeps hair and the epidermis soft and pliable and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria
sudoriferous glands
secrete sweat through the pores of the skins
2 types of sudoriferous glands with differing distribution patterns and secretions
eccrine glands
aporcrine glands
sensory (cutaneous) receptors of the skin
skin includes a wide variety of sensory organs that sensitive to general senses:
touch, temperature pain, vibration, and pressure
Free nerves endings
most numerous and widespread of the cutaneous receptors, sensitive to light touch, light pressure, and temperature, with separate receptors being sensitive to heat and cold
nociceptors (pain) receptors
a specialize type of free nerve endings that are highly sensitive to the chemicals released by damaged cells
skins cells LOOK UP
5 cells keratinocytes langerhans cells melanocyte merkel cell melanin
