Integumentary System Flashcards
Largest System of the Body
Integumentary System
Subcutaneous Layer of the Skin
Hypodermis
4Cell Types of Epidermis
from (Most - Least numerous)
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans Cells
Merkel Cells
Most numerous cell in epidermis and produces keratin?
Keratinocytes
Produce Pigment Melanin
Melanocytes
Pigment Melanin
Yellow - Red
Pheomelanin
Pigment Melanin (brown-black)
Eumelanin
In 4 Cell Types of Epidermis (Macrophage )
Langerhans Cells
Least Numerous in Epidermis
Merkel Cells
Located in Stratum Basale in epidermis where it contacts a sensory neuron called?
Merkel( tactile) disks”
4Layers of Epidermis
Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Site of Tonofilament Production
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Highest Mitotic Activity of Keratinocytes
Stratum Basale
Deepest Layer of Epidermis
Stratum Basale
2 present in Stratum Basale
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
Melanin production
Melanocytes
For Touch Sensation
Merkel Cells
Langerhans are present
And Decrease Mitotic Activity of Keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum
Combination of Stratum Basale and Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum (aka: Malphigian Layer
Absence of Melanin
Albinism
Deficiency in Melanin
Vitiligo
Amino Acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine,epi,norepi?
Tyrosine
Layers of epidermis where cells are undergoing APOPTOSIS, and No Mitotic Activity
Stratum Granulosum
Layers of epidermis
Absence of Tonofilaments
Stratum Granulosum
2 GRANULES of Stratum Granulosum
Keratohyalin Granules
Lamellar Granules
Converts Tonofilaments to keratin
Keratohyalin Granules
Granules: Layer of Lipid
Lamellar Granules
Found on Thick Skin (fingertips,palms,and soles)
Stratum Lucidum
Clear Cell Layer/ Translucent Layer
Stratum Lucidum
Mechanoreceptor for light Touch
Meissner Corpuscle
Thyroid Hormones that is More POTENT
T3 -Triodotyronine
Thyroid Hormones that is More NUMEROUS
T4 -Thyroxine
Decrease conversion of phenylalanine to thyroxine
Phenylketonuria
Abnormal thickening of Stratum Corneum due to constant friction
Callus
Excess keratinocytes shedding from Scalp
Dandruffs
SCALP
Skin C.T Aponeuroses L.C.T Periosteum
Keratinocytes divides and move more quickly than Normal
Psoriasis
Psoriasis signs and symptoms
SMA
Silvery scales
Monroe’s Abcess
Auspitz Sign
Abnormal keratin production
Silvery Scales
Cardinal Sign of PSORIASIS
Monroe’s Abcess
Bleeding Spots in Psoriasis
Auspitz Sign
Thicker than epidermis and Provides Blood Supply for Epidermis
Dermis
2Layers of Epidermis
Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer
Layers of Epidermis (Thinner Layer)
Papillary Layer
Extension of Dermis papunta kay Epidermis
Dermal Papillae
Nipple Projections towards Epidermis
Dermal Papillae
Epidermal Extensions towards Dermis
Rete Pegs/Epidermal Ridges
Disease associated w/ SAW-TOOTH like Rete-Pegs
Lichen Planus
Thicker than Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer
MAJOR NUTRIENT SUPPLIER for the Skin
Reticular Layer
Merkel Discs ( tactile disk) Function?
TOUCH
Mechanoreceptors that is ( more sensitive)
Meissner Corpuscle or Corpuscles of Touch
Mechanoreceptors that is numerous on “Thick Skin”
Meissner Corpuscle or Corpuscles of Touch
Mechanoreceptors ( Hot and Stretch)
-Ruffa G.-
Ruffini Corpuscles or Corpuscles of Touch
Mechanoreceptor for COLD
santa claus
Endbulb of KRAUSE
Mechanoreceptor (Pressure- Proprioception)
Onion Shape Receptor
Pacinian Corpuscles
Mechanoreceptor that is “Main receptor for proprioception found in joints”
Kaya alam mo kapag nakataas ang kamay mo😀
Proprioceptors
Mechanoreceptor for (PAIN)
Nociceptors
3Types of SCAR
AHK
Atrophic
Hypertrophic
Keloid/ Cheloid
“Sunken Scar”
Atrophic
Slightly elevated scar
Hypertrophic
Excessively elavated scar
Keloid/Cheloid
Melanin accumulation aka:
Ephelis/Ephelides
Freckles
Inflammation of Bone Marrow
Osteomyelitis
Most common cause of “ Pus Producing”
Staphylococcus Aureus
3 Brodies Abcess
OEE
Osteomyelitis
External Root Resorption
Ewings Sarcoma
Clinical appearance of “ Rete Pegs/ Epidermal Ridges
Wickham Striae
3 Types of ANEMIA
PMI
- Pernicious Anemia
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia ( most common type of Anemia
Melanocyte Overgrowth
Mole/Nevus
What is the Most Dangerous and Deadliest type of Nevus? Dahil naggng Melanoma
Junctional Nevus
Brown to Black or yellow to red
Melanin
Red Protein; Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Normal Hemoglobin Count
Male and Female
Male 14-16g/dl
Female 12-14g/dl
Orange Pigment
Carotene
For Vit.A ( Retinol) production
Carotene
“carotinol”😊
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
Nyctalopia; Bitot’s Spot
Function: Vision Skin bone etc.
Vit.A (Retinol)
“Night blindness”
Nyctalopia
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
BERIBERI
Function: Energy Production(musle/nerve)
Vit.B1(THIAMINE)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
Angular Cheilitis,glossitis and sore throat
Function: Growth and RBC production
Vit.B2 (Riboflavin)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
Pellagra(Diarrhea,Dermatitis,Dementia and Death)
Function: Digestion
Vit B3 (NIACIN/NICOTINIC ACID)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
Megaloblastic Anemia
Function: RBC Production,Pregnancy
Vit B9(FOLIC ACID)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency: Pernicious Anemia (Beefy Tongue)
Function: RBC production
Vit.B12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
SCURVY
Function:
Promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue
Vit C (Ascorbic Acid)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
Rickets-CHILD
Osteomalacia- ADULT
Function: For Calcium Absorption
Vit D (Calciferol)
Type of Vitamins for
Antioxidant for RBC
Vit.E (TOCOPHEROL)
Type of Vitamins for Deficiency:
‘Bleeding Tendeny”
Function:
Produced by small intestine for clotting
Vit.K (klotting)
Absence of melanin
Albinism
Deficient Melanin
Vitiligo
(Bluish color) due to inadequate oxygen
CYANOSIS
3 important in Blue Baby Syndrome:
MCE
Methemoglobinemia(!)impt.
Congenital Heart Defects(!)impt.
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Pale appearance due to shock or anemia
Pallor
May butas sa puso ang baby
Congenital Heart Defects
Type of Blue Baby Syndrome :
Rh Incompatibility (Rare)
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Accumulation of methemoglobin(hemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen)
Methemoglobinemia
Muscle for “Goosebumps”
Arrector pili muscles
Resp. for hair growth
Hair matrix cells
Resp.touch sensation to hair
Hair root plexus
Partial or complete loss of hair
Alopecia (baldenes)
DOC For px w/Androgenic alopecia
Minoxidil
Generalized hair growth(mostly males)
Halos buong katawan
Hirsutism
Responsible for hair/ pili growth
Hair matrix cells
2types of sweat glands
Eccrine SG
Apocrine SG
Sweat glands throughout the body
Eccrine SG.
Sweat glands found mainly axilla( armpits) areola and perineal areas
Apocrine SG.
A male sex hormones that promotes hair growth
Androgens
For Calcium absorption “sunshine”
Vit.D synthesis
Vitamin D3
CholeCalCiferol -3c
Vit D2
ergoCalCiferol -2c
Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays especially UV
Photosensitivity
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma “farmers carcinoma”
Most common loc of BCC
MID FACE
2nd most common skin cancer
And Most common in oral cavity.
(Lower lip) common site
Squamous cell carcinoma
Deadliest skin cancer bec.of HIGH METASTIC RATE
MELANOMA
“oma”
BENIGN
“Carcinoma”
Epithelial in origin
M or B?
Cancer-Automatic Malignant
Sarcoma
M or B?
Malignant
Mesenchymal
Active form of VIT D.
Calcitriol
Percentage of BURNT body part
Rule of 9
Medical Terms:
Fluid filled in epidermis to dermis
Blister
Medical Terms:
Large blister with fluid (grt.5mm)
Bula/BULAE
Medical Terms:
Small blister w/fluid(less than 5mm)
Vesicle
Fluid filled but with developed “Epithelial Wall”
Cyst
Most lining of CYST
Stratified Squamous
Elevation of skin lesser than 10mm in diameter( nipple like)
Papule
