Cellular Anatomy Flashcards
Aka “Plasma Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane
CELL MEMBRANE
Semi Permeable Membrane that regulates the passage of substance ‘’ IN AND OUT” of the Cell
Cell Membrane
Semi Permeable Membrane that regulates the passage of substance ‘’ IN AND OUT” of the Cell
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Covered by BILAYERED MEMBRANE(phospholipid bilayer)
Nuclear Envelope
Contains DNA and RNA
Nucleus
Thread like structures CARRY GENETIC Information
CHROMOSOME
Contains Single,Double-stranded DNA molecule
Chromosome
material that makes up chromosomes,
Chromatin
Complex of DNA and its associated protein(DNA + Histones)
“BEADS ON STRING” appearance
Chromatin
Guides the Coiling of DNA,
Attachment site of DNA
Function of Histones
Chromosome Copy
Kapatid
Chromatid
Chromatids that are bound to each other by CENTROMERE
Sister Chromatids
TRUE about somatic and sex cells?
Somatic Cells are 2n while Sex Cells are n
47, XY +18
Male
Edwards Syndrome
47, XY, + 21
Male
Down Sydrome ( TRISOMY 21)
47 XXY
-extra X
Klinefelter Syndrome ( Male)
45, XO
Kulang nang isang Sex chromosome
Turners Syndrome ( Female)
47, XX+13
Trisomy 13
Female
Patau Syndrome
44 XXX
( triple X Syndrome)
Female
Super woman Syndrome
A non membrane bound organelle which is Responsible for “Protein Synthesis”
Ribosomes
Power House of the Cell
Mitochondria
Folds of Mitochondria
CRISTAE
Site of Kreb Cycle /Citric Acid Cycle/ Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Mitochondria
Basic structures of Proteins
AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids are made up of what elements?
CHON
Carbon,Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
- Most Allerginic Drug
- First TRUE Antibiotic
Penicillin
Penicillin is Discovered by:
Alexander Fleming
Klinefelter Sydrome HX:
GMT
Gynecomastia(enlarge breast)
Micropenis
Taurodontism( bulls teeth)
Associated with Bulls Eye Lesion
SET
- Steven Johnson Syndrome
- Erythema Multiforme
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Digestive Organelle of the Cell contain enzyme called:
Lysozymes
Translates the mRNA
-forms Ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal rna)
- Carries genetic information of DNA
- End product of TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA (messenger rna)
Carries “amino acids” to the ribosomes during “TRANSlation”
tRNA (transffer RNA)
Contains Ribosomes giving it a “Rough” appearance
RER
Does not contain Ribosomes giving it a “SMOOTH” appearance
SER
Process of FAT Formation
Lipogenenesis
Formation of Steroidal Hormones
Steroid Synthesis
“PACKAGING” and modifiying the products made by the RER
Golgi Apparatus
Responsible for Programmed Cell Death “APOPTOSIS”
- Packaged products of Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS
Nucleus Dissolution
Kayolysis
NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS
Nucleus “shrinks” =na pipi= and Chromatin Condenses
Pynknosis
NUCLEAR CHANGES DURING APOPTOSIS
Fragmentation of the Nucleus
Karyorrhexis
Active ENZYME
Holoenzyme
Inactive Enzyme
Apoenzyme
They Complete the “Apoenzyme”
Co - Enzyme
Co - Factor
Contains pair of CENTRIOLES made up of microtubules arranged in “cartwheel pattern”
Centrosome
Inc Surface Area of a cell that inc its ABSORPTION property
Microvilli
Seen on the Epithelium of Stomach to Anus( Simple Columnar with Microvilli)
Microvilli
9+2 pattern or “9+0 pattern” arrangement of microtubules
-common on Respiratory Epithelium and Fallopian Tube
-CILIA
Lining of Respiratory Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated with Goblet Cells
Made up of AXONEME
- longer than cilia
- seen on spermcell to move organism
Flagella
What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis
Chemotactic Factor or Chemotactic Agent
Sperm penetrates the Egg Cell using?
Acrosome/Hyaluronic Acid
The Tail of Spermcell is made up of?
Axoneme
Longest Phase of Cellular Division
Interphase
A Cell STOPPED from dividing In which stage of cellular division?
G0 G-ZERO PHASE
Division of Somatic Cells;
Results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells( diploid cells)
Mitosis (PMAT)
Phases of MITOSIS
Chromatin Coils and Condenses
and Nucleolus disintegrate
Prophase
Phases of MITOSIS
Chromosomes align at the
EQUATOR of the cell
Metaphase
Phases of MITOSIS
Chromosomes “SPLIT” /\ become chromatids. Going towards opposite poles
Anaphase
Phases of MITOSIS
Cleavege furrow forms
TELOPHASE
Cytoplasm divides into TWO
Cytokinesis
Steps 1-4 (PMAT) also known as
Karyokinesis
1 flagella
Monotrichous
1 flagella on both ends
Amphitrichous
Flagella is greater than 2 in one end
Lopotrichous
Multiple Flagella Surrounding
Peritrichous
Division of Sex Cells
Meioisis
What is phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis?
SYNAPSIS Process
Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosomes also known as “Crossing Over” of Chiastmata formation”
Recombination Process
