Integumentary System

Question 1

Main cell of the epidermis. Produces keratin and undergoes constant mitosis for cell reproduction

Answer 1

Keratinocytes

Question 2

Keratinocytes are bound together by (blank) for strength, and (blank) to repel water

Answer 2

Desmosomes

Tight Junctions

Question 3

Fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties and strength

Answer 3

Keratin

Question 4

List the purposes of the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) which isn’t actually a part of the skin

Answer 4

1. Stores fat (adipose)
2. Anchors skin to underlying structures
3. Shock absorber
4. Insulator

Question 5

Epidermal cell found in the stratum basal that synthesizes melanin

Answer 5

Melanocytes

Question 6

What is the main function of melanin?

Answer 6

Protects the nucleus (DNA) from UV rays

Protects skin from the sun

Question 7

How does melanin get to the surface of the skin?

Answer 7

Melanocytes dump them off onto keratinocytes and they take them up

Question 8

Epithelial cells that protect us from pathogens that get through our skin by:

1. Ingesting foreign substances
2. Activating the immune system

Answer 8

Dendritic Cells

Question 9

Where do dendritic cells come from?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

Epithelial cells that are associated with sensory nerve endings and sensory receptors for touch

Answer 10

Tactile cells

Question 11

Where is thick skin found?

Answer 11

Soles of feet, palms of hands, tips of digits

Question 12

Layer that is only found in thick skin, composed entirely of dead cells

Answer 12

Stratum Lucidum

Question 13

Deepest layer, single row of stem cells that produces keratinocytes constantly. Also contains dendritic cells and melanocytes

Answer 13

Stratum Basale

Question 14

Define the keratinocyte production process

Answer 14

Stem cells constantly divide. One cell stays for reproduction, and the other cell begins making its way to the surface

Question 15

Layer that is composed of pre-keratin and intermediate filaments for structure. Resists tension, anchored to desmosomes.

Answer 15

Stratum spinosum

Cells are still alive

Question 16

Layer where keratinization occurs. Cells enter alive and leave dead because they flatten into granulocytes

Answer 16

Stratum granulosum

Question 17

Most superficial layer, composed completely of dead keratinocytes. Sheds regularly. Keratin helps protect against abrasion, while glycolipids help for water resistance

Answer 17

Stratum corneum

Question 18

Granulocytes that transform and help for keratin in upper layers

Answer 18

keratohyalin

Question 19

Granulocytes that transform into hydrophobic glycolipids

Answer 19

Lamellar granules

Question 20

Thin, superficial layer of the dermis made of loose connective tissue so that white blood cells can travel through freely

Answer 20

Papillary Layer

Question 21

Deepest layer of the dermis, makes up about 80% of it. This is where all the blood vessels are. Thick bundles of collagen and dense irreglular connective tissue

Answer 21

Reticular Layer

Question 22

What is the process for melanin being released?

Answer 22

Once the keratinocytes get to the granulosum, they die and the melanin is exposed

Question 23

These glands are found all over the body for sweating and regulating heat

Answer 23

Eccrine glands

Question 24

These glands are in the genital region, become active at puberty, and secrete a milky substance that smells

Answer 24

Apocrine glands

Question 25

Oil glands that secrete sebum, found everywhere but thick skin

Answer 25

Sebaceous Glands

Question 26

What are the 4 functions of sebaceous glands?

Answer 26

1. Soften skin and hair 2. Prevents hair from becoming brittle 3. Kills bacteria 4. Slows water loss

Question 27

Most common skin cancer and easiest to treat. Basal cells go down into the dermis instead of up into the spinosum. Little skin colored growth

Answer 27

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 28

Keratinocytes of the spinosum go bad. Grows rapidly but can be cured if caught early. Flat miscoloring of skin.

Answer 28

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

Cancer of melanocytes. Most dangerous, highly metastatic, and resistant to treatment. Gets into circulatory system and attacks lymph nodes

Answer 29

Melanoma

Question 30

What is the main reason we need our skin? What is the main reason its bad to get burned?

Answer 30

The skin keeps our fluids in, so we become dehydrated and go into circulatory shock

Question 31

What is the second reason we need our skin? What is the leading cause of death in burn victims?

Answer 31

The skin helps protect from infection, which leads to sepsis

Question 32

This skin/tissue repair restores organ function

Answer 32

Regeneration

Question 33

This skin/tissue repair builds up scar tissue if the wound is too deep

Answer 33

Fibrosis

Question 34

Only the epidermis is burned

Answer 34

1st degree

Question 35

Burned into the dermis plus blisters

Answer 35

2nd Degree

Question 36

Burned all the way through all the skin and nerves

Answer 36

3rd degree

Question 37

In what layer are nerve endings found?

Answer 37

Dermis