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Anatomy Class > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Main cell of the epidermis. Produces keratin and undergoes constant mitosis for cell reproduction

A

Keratinocytes

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2
Q

Keratinocytes are bound together by (blank) for strength, and (blank) to repel water

A

Desmosomes

Tight Junctions

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3
Q

Fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties and strength

A

Keratin

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4
Q

List the purposes of the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) which isn’t actually a part of the skin

A
  1. Stores fat (adipose)
  2. Anchors skin to underlying structures
  3. Shock absorber
  4. Insulator
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5
Q

Epidermal cell found in the stratum basal that synthesizes melanin

A

Melanocytes

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6
Q

What is the main function of melanin?

A

Protects the nucleus (DNA) from UV rays

Protects skin from the sun

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7
Q

How does melanin get to the surface of the skin?

A

Melanocytes dump them off onto keratinocytes and they take them up

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8
Q

Epithelial cells that protect us from pathogens that get through our skin by:

  1. Ingesting foreign substances
  2. Activating the immune system
A

Dendritic Cells

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9
Q

Where do dendritic cells come from?

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Epithelial cells that are associated with sensory nerve endings and sensory receptors for touch

A

Tactile cells

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11
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Soles of feet, palms of hands, tips of digits

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12
Q

Layer that is only found in thick skin, composed entirely of dead cells

A

Stratum Lucidum

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13
Q

Deepest layer, single row of stem cells that produces keratinocytes constantly. Also contains dendritic cells and melanocytes

A

Stratum Basale

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14
Q

Define the keratinocyte production process

A

Stem cells constantly divide. One cell stays for reproduction, and the other cell begins making its way to the surface

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15
Q

Layer that is composed of pre-keratin and intermediate filaments for structure. Resists tension, anchored to desmosomes.

A

Stratum spinosum

Cells are still alive

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16
Q

Layer where keratinization occurs. Cells enter alive and leave dead because they flatten into granulocytes

A

Stratum granulosum

17
Q

Most superficial layer, composed completely of dead keratinocytes. Sheds regularly. Keratin helps protect against abrasion, while glycolipids help for water resistance

A

Stratum corneum

18
Q

Granulocytes that transform and help for keratin in upper layers

A

keratohyalin

19
Q

Granulocytes that transform into hydrophobic glycolipids

A

Lamellar granules

20
Q

Thin, superficial layer of the dermis made of loose connective tissue so that white blood cells can travel through freely

A

Papillary Layer

21
Q

Deepest layer of the dermis, makes up about 80% of it. This is where all the blood vessels are. Thick bundles of collagen and dense irreglular connective tissue

A

Reticular Layer

22
Q

What is the process for melanin being released?

A

Once the keratinocytes get to the granulosum, they die and the melanin is exposed

23
Q

These glands are found all over the body for sweating and regulating heat

A

Eccrine glands

24
Q

These glands are in the genital region, become active at puberty, and secrete a milky substance that smells

A

Apocrine glands

25
Q

Oil glands that secrete sebum, found everywhere but thick skin

A

Sebaceous Glands

26
Q

What are the 4 functions of sebaceous glands?

A
  1. Soften skin and hair
  2. Prevents hair from becoming brittle
  3. Kills bacteria
  4. Slows water loss
27
Q

Most common skin cancer and easiest to treat. Basal cells go down into the dermis instead of up into the spinosum. Little skin colored growth

A

Basal cell carcinoma

28
Q

Keratinocytes of the spinosum go bad. Grows rapidly but can be cured if caught early. Flat miscoloring of skin.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

Cancer of melanocytes. Most dangerous, highly metastatic, and resistant to treatment. Gets into circulatory system and attacks lymph nodes

A

Melanoma

30
Q

What is the main reason we need our skin? What is the main reason its bad to get burned?

A

The skin keeps our fluids in, so we become dehydrated and go into circulatory shock

31
Q

What is the second reason we need our skin? What is the leading cause of death in burn victims?

A

The skin helps protect from infection, which leads to sepsis

32
Q

This skin/tissue repair restores organ function

A

Regeneration

33
Q

This skin/tissue repair builds up scar tissue if the wound is too deep

A

Fibrosis

34
Q

Only the epidermis is burned

A

1st degree

35
Q

Burned into the dermis plus blisters

A

2nd Degree

36
Q

Burned all the way through all the skin and nerves

A

3rd degree

37
Q

In what layer are nerve endings found?

A

Dermis

Anatomy Class (6 decks)

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