Cells and Transport

Question 1

Determines the function of the membrane

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Their job is to identify molecules

Answer 2

Carbs

Question 3

The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer, what is it made of?

Answer 3

Phospholipids
&
Cholesterol

Question 4

What are the two specific parts of the phospholipid?

Answer 4

Polar head that is hyroliphic (loves water)
&
Non-polar tail that is hydrophobic (Repels water)

Question 5

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 5

Stiffens the membrane

Question 6

These proteins are on the inside of the membrane for transport

Answer 6

Integral

Question 7

These proteins are on the edges of the membrane for linking cells and movement

Answer 7

Peripheral

Question 8

When proteins create an impermeable junction like a zipper

Answer 8

Tight Junction

Question 9

Anchoring junctions that provide support for the membrane

Answer 9

Desmosomes

Question 10

Loose connections that allow molecules/ions to pass freely in and out

Answer 10

Gap Junction

Question 11

List 3 types of passive membrane transport

Answer 11

1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis

Question 12

Molecules move unassisted from high concentration to low

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

Molecules pass right through the lipid bilayer

Answer 13

Simple Diffusion

Question 14

Selective, but passive, process where molecules don’t move across the membrane by themselves

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion where proteins change shape to allow molecules to pass through

Answer 15

Carrier-Mediated

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion where proteins allow molecules through based upon size

Answer 16

Channel-Mediated

Question 17

Movement of water from high to low, through channels called aquaporins, to reach equilibrium

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

Water always follows the solute. What does this mean?

Answer 18

Water will always flow towards the area with a higher concentration

Question 19

ATP allows big molecules to pass through the membrane through a pump, against concentration gradient

Answer 19

Primary Active Transport

Question 20

Molecules move into the cell through carrier proteins, but they also bring in a glucose

Answer 20

Secondary Active Transport

Question 21

Active transport where large particles come into the cell and are moved across the membrane by vehicles

Answer 21

Vesicular Transport

Question 22

Vesicular transport that is specific to the big molecules

Answer 22

Phagocytosis

Question 23

Vesicular transport that brings little bits of extracellular fluid into the cell

Answer 23

Pinocytosis

Question 24

The vesicle moves something to the plasma membrane, opens a hole in itself, and lets things leave

Answer 24

Exocytosis

Question 25

Receptors attract certain molecules, then the cell engulfs them and brings them in

Answer 25

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 26

Between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; where most things in the cell take place

Answer 26

Cytoplasm

Question 27

The fluid in the cytoplasm that holds everything

Answer 27

Cytosol

Question 28

Powerhouse of the cell that makes ATP

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

These synthesize proteins; can be found in the cytosol or on the rough ER

Answer 29

Ribosome

Question 30

Network system of interconnected tubes within the cell

Answer 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 31

Modifies, concentrates, makes sure things are right, and packages proteins/lipids.

Answer 31

Golgi Apparatus

Question 32

These destroy things like pathogens and break down dead/incorrect cells

Answer 32

Lysosomes

Question 33

These specifically break down fatty acids and alcohol

Answer 33

Peroxisomes

Question 34

Network of rods that butts up against the cytoplasm to give the cell structure

Answer 34

Cytoskeleton

Question 35

Determines the overall shape of a cell

Answer 35

Microtubules

Question 36

Vehicles that transport things around the cell

Answer 36

Vesicles

Question 37

Control center of the cell that contains the DNA

Answer 37

Nucleus

Question 38

Contains DNA and RNA chains that condense to form chromosomes

Answer 38

Chromatin

Question 39

Describe the double membrane of the nucleus

Answer 39

Outer layer connects to the rough ER

Inner layer lined with lamins to form intermediate filaments

Question 40

What do the intermediate filaments do for the nucleus?

Answer 40

Maintain nucleus shape and organize DNA