Integumentary system Flashcards
What is the function of the stratum granulosum and its location?
located beneath the stratum corneum
Define sebaceous glands, where they are found and what they do.
- Sebaceous glands contain simple cubiodial E.T. cells, and are a Holocrine gland
- They are usually associated with hair follicles and are found in the dermis
- They secrete sebum (oil) = fat and cellular
material. Sebum prevent water loss.
How many types of sweat glands are there, and what are their names?
There are 2 types of sweat glands:
- Eccrine (Merocrine) Glands
- Apocrine Glands
What is the subcutaneus layer?
The subcutaneus layer is composed of adipose tissue and blood vessels. It is a distinct layer that attaches to the dermis and serves as insulation.
What is papilla(e), where are they found, and what do they do?
Located in papilary layer of dermis, bring blood vessels up to epidermis, cause finger prints.
What is the function of the dermis, and what cell types are present in this layer?
The function of the dermis is to nourish the epidermis, and it binds the epidermis to underlying strong and flexible C.T.
It is composed of keratinized epithelium, glandularepithelium, dense irregular C.T.
What are the characteristics of the Eccrine Glands?
Characteristics:
- Active throughout life.
- No odor associated with secretion
- Respond primarily to temperature.
Identify all the accessory organs
The dermis contains all accessory organs, such as hair follicles,sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.
Define the arrector pili muscle and its activity.
A bundle of smooth muscle associated
with every hair follicle. It causes hair to stand up or lay down given certain stimuli.
What is the function and location of the Stratum spinosum?
Site of keratin production and is located beneath the stratum granulosum
What are the two layers that compose the skin?
Epidermis (outermost layer)
Dermis (inner layer)
What is the function of the epidermis, and what cell types are present in this layer?
The function of the epidermis is protection and it’s composed of keratinized stratified squamous E.T.
Define melanocytes and their location.
melanocytes:cells that produce
the pigment, melanin. They are located in the Stratum Lucidum
What are the two layers of the dermis?
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
What is the function and location of the Stratum basale?
Deepest layer of the epidermis,located directly above the basement membrane.This is where cells divide; stratum germinativum.
What are the 5 distinct layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum ***
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
*** ONLY between the corneum and granulosum at the palms and soles. Otherwise layer is not there.
Where is the site of mitotic division on the nail?
A site of mitotic division is the lunula (half-moon-shaped regionat the base of a nail plate)
What is the function and location of the Stratum corneum?
The function of the stratum corneum is protection and prevention of water loss. It is located in the top layer of the epidermis.
What are the functions of the skin?
Protection:
- Water loss, Injury, Chemicals and microorganisms
Excretion:
- Urea, Uric Acid, Salts
Sensory Detection:
- Meissner’s Corpuscles, Pacinian Corpuscles
Vitamin D Synthesis:
- UV rays in sunlight activate synthesis.
Blood Reservoir:
- Dermis contains about 10% of the body’s blood vessels
**Immunity: **
- immunity via Langerhan’s cells that assist in the immune response.
What are the characteristics of the Apocrine Glands?
Characteristics:
- Active after puberty.
- Odor associated with secretion
- Respond primarily to stress.
What type of tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?
loosely arranged collagen fibers
What is the function and location of the Stratum Lucidum?
The function of the Stratum Lucidum is to provide extra thickness to the skin for protection. It’s located between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum on soles and palms
What do Meissner’s Corpuscles do and where are they located?
Meissner’s Corpuscles
- Identifies light touch/pressure.
- Prevalent in areas such as the fingertips, palms,soles, lips.
Define the integumentary system and the organs found within it
The integumentary system is an organ system. It consists of a major organ, skin, and manyaccessory organs, such as hair follicles,sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.
What do Pacinian Corpuscles do and where are they located?
Pacinian Corpuscles
- Identifies heavy touch/pressure.
- Prevalent in areas such as joints, tendons, and mammary glands.
What type of tissue is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
Composed of dense irregular CT
Contains bundles of collagen, elastic and
reticular fibers.
