Integumentary system

Question 1

What is the function of the stratum granulosum and its location?

Answer 1

located beneath the stratum corneum

Question 2

Define sebaceous glands, where they are found and what they do.

Answer 2

• Sebaceous glands contain simple cubiodial E.T. cells, and are a Holocrine gland
• They are usually associated with hair follicles and are found in the dermis
• They secrete sebum (oil) = fat and cellular
  material. Sebum prevent water loss.

Question 3

How many types of sweat glands are there, and what are their names?

Answer 3

There are 2 types of sweat glands:

• Eccrine (Merocrine) Glands
• Apocrine Glands

Question 4

What is the subcutaneus layer?

Answer 4

The subcutaneus layer is composed of adipose tissue and blood vessels. It is a distinct layer that attaches to the dermis and serves as insulation.

Question 5

What is papilla(e), where are they found, and what do they do?

Answer 5

Located in papilary layer of dermis, bring blood vessels up to epidermis, cause finger prints.

Question 6

What is the function of the dermis, and what cell types are present in this layer?

Answer 6

The function of the dermis is to nourish the epidermis, and it binds the epidermis to underlying strong and flexible C.T.

It is composed of keratinized epithelium, glandularepithelium, dense irregular C.T.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the Eccrine Glands?

Answer 7

Characteristics:

• Active throughout life.
• No odor associated with secretion
• Respond primarily to temperature.

Question 8

Identify all the accessory organs

Answer 8

The dermis contains all accessory organs, such as hair follicles,sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.

Question 9

Define the arrector pili muscle and its activity.

Answer 9

A bundle of smooth muscle associated
with every hair follicle. It causes hair to stand up or lay down given certain stimuli.

Question 10

What is the function and location of the Stratum spinosum?

Answer 10

Site of keratin production and is located beneath the stratum granulosum

Question 11

What are the two layers that compose the skin?

Answer 11

Epidermis (outermost layer)

Dermis (inner layer)

Question 12

What is the function of the epidermis, and what cell types are present in this layer?

Answer 12

The function of the epidermis is protection and it’s composed of keratinized stratified squamous E.T.

Question 13

Define melanocytes and their location.

Answer 13

melanocytes:cells that produce
the pigment, melanin. They are located in the Stratum Lucidum

Question 14

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 14

1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer

Question 15

What is the function and location of the Stratum basale?

Answer 15

Deepest layer of the epidermis,located directly above the basement membrane.This is where cells divide; stratum germinativum.

Question 16

What are the 5 distinct layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Answer 16

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum ***
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

*** ONLY between the corneum and granulosum at the palms and soles. Otherwise layer is not there.

Question 17

Where is the site of mitotic division on the nail?

Answer 17

A site of mitotic division is the lunula (half-moon-shaped regionat the base of a nail plate)

Question 18

What is the function and location of the Stratum corneum?

Answer 18

The function of the stratum corneum is protection and prevention of water loss. It is located in the top layer of the epidermis.

Question 19

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 19

Protection:

• Water loss, Injury, Chemicals and microorganisms

Excretion:

• Urea, Uric Acid, Salts

Sensory Detection:

• Meissner’s Corpuscles, Pacinian Corpuscles

Vitamin D Synthesis:

• UV rays in sunlight activate synthesis.

Blood Reservoir:

• Dermis contains about 10% of the body’s blood vessels

**Immunity: **

• immunity via Langerhan’s cells that assist in the immune response.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the Apocrine Glands?

Answer 20

Characteristics:

• Active after puberty.
• Odor associated with secretion
• Respond primarily to stress.

Question 21

What type of tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 21

loosely arranged collagen fibers

Question 22

What is the function and location of the Stratum Lucidum?

Answer 22

The function of the Stratum Lucidum is to provide extra thickness to the skin for protection. It’s located between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum on soles and palms

Question 23

What do Meissner’s Corpuscles do and where are they located?

Answer 23

Meissner’s Corpuscles

• Identifies light touch/pressure.
• Prevalent in areas such as the fingertips, palms,soles, lips.

Question 24

Define the integumentary system and the organs found within it

Answer 24

The integumentary system is an organ system. It consists of a major organ, skin, and manyaccessory organs, such as hair follicles,sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.

Question 25

What do Pacinian Corpuscles do and where are they located?

Answer 25

Pacinian Corpuscles

• Identifies heavy touch/pressure.
• Prevalent in areas such as joints, tendons, and mammary glands.

Question 26

What type of tissue is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 26

Composed of dense irregular CT
Contains bundles of collagen, elastic and
reticular fibers.