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Phys Test 2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three structures of the integumentary system from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous Tissue
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2
Q

What differs the subcutaneous tissue from the dermis and epidermis?

A

It is not technically part of the skin, but is attached to it–superficial fascia/ loose adipose tissue

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3
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protection
    • barrier
    • cushioning
    • monitoring (Nervous system component)
    • UV
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Blood Reservoir
  4. Excretion
  5. Vitamin Synthesis (tied with UV protection, vit D for bone development.)
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4
Q

What is the structure of the epidermis?

A
  1. Superficial layer
  2. Stratified squamous epithelium
  3. Avascular
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5
Q

What are the epidermis cells?

A
  1. Keratinocyte
  2. Melanocyte
  3. Langerhans Cells
  4. Merkel Cells
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6
Q

What are the majority of epidermis cells?

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What do the keratinocytes do?

A
  1. Produce Keratin

2. Deeper cells constantly divide

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8
Q

What do melanocytes do, that has to do with what?

A

They produce melanin, which has to do with pigment

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9
Q

What do Langerhans Cells do?

A

They are responsible for recognizing foreign and harmful antigens and helping to remove them.

scout for the immune system

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10
Q

What do Merkel Cells do?

A

They are involved in the sensation of touch

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11
Q

An albino person would have none of which cell?

A

Melanocytes

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12
Q

How do melanocytes protect the nucleus?

A

It acts as a sort of umbrella and travels to the sunny side of the cell

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13
Q

What are the 5 epidermal layers? (Deep to Superficial)

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum
  5. Stratum Corneum
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14
Q

What is the A.k.a for Stratum Basale?

A

Stratum Germinativum

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15
Q

Continuous Mitosis happens at what epidermal layer?

A

Stratum Basale

Moves up through the skin layers. If calluses appear, there is more stimulus therefore more production

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16
Q

A single row of keratinocytes anchored to the basement membrane.

A

Stratum Basale

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17
Q

Provides strength and flexibility to the skin

A

Stratum Spinosum

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18
Q

These cells are dying

A

Stratum Granulosum

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19
Q

Flat, dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum Lucidum

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20
Q

Provides a toughness and strength where you need. For example; soles of feet, palm

A

Stratum Lucidum

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21
Q

Flat, dead keratinocytes that are shed

A

Stratum Corneum

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22
Q

Why are the cells in Stratum Granulosm, Stratum Lucidum and Stratum Corneum dying?

A

Because they are no longer close to a blood supply

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23
Q

What is the structure of the dermis?

A
  • CT (mostly loose areoler) layer separating epidermis and underlying adipose layer
  • Collagen and ellastin
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24
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A
  1. Blood vessels/nerves
  2. Meissner Corpuscles (touch receptors)
  3. Free nerve endings (pain, temperature)
  4. Pacinian Corpuscles (pressure, vibration)
  5. Sweat and Oil glands
  6. Hair embedded in dermis that continue to epiD.
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25
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue A.k.a

A

Hypodermis

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26
Q

Structure of the subcutaneous tissue

A

areolar and adipose tissue

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27
Q

Function of Subcutaneous Tissue

A

Shock absorber and insulator

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28
Q

Pale, yellow, tan, black

A

Melanin

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29
Q

Yellow-orange

A

Carotene

30
Q

Red/Pink

A

Hemoglobin

31
Q

Redness (erythema)

A

Inflammatory response

32
Q

Blue

A

Cyanosis

33
Q

Blue/black

A

New bruising

34
Q

Yellow

A

Jaundice

35
Q

Yellow/green

A

old bruising

36
Q

If someone had white under their eyelids, what could this tell you?

A

They have low hemoglobin levels, could be anemic

37
Q

If someone had blue lips, what could this mean?

A

Cyanosis, no enough oxygen!

38
Q

If someone has yellow discolouration or yellow eyes, what would this tell you?

A

Jaundice, liver disfunction

39
Q

If someone has a yellow, green bruise, what does this tell you?

A

It is an older bruise, but doesnt mean it is healed.

40
Q

The portion of hair that projects beyond the skin surface

A

Shaft

41
Q

The part of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis

A

Root

42
Q

The portion of hair surrounding the root

A

Follicle

43
Q

Contract to pull the hair upright

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

44
Q

Lubricates hair

A

Sebaceous Glands

45
Q

Hair Colour

A

Melanin

46
Q

Functions of hair

A
  1. Protection: scalp, eyelashes, filtration
  2. Thermoregulation (arrector pili)
  3. Sensation
47
Q

What are the three integumentary glands?

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil) Glands
  2. Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
  3. Ceruminous Glands
48
Q

This gland is all over the skin (minus palms and soles)

A

Sebaceous Gland

49
Q

What does sebum do?

A
  1. Keeps skin moist
  2. Prevents hair from becoming dry/brittle
  3. Kills surface bacteria
50
Q

Functions in thermoregulation and waste removal

A

Sudoriferous Glands

51
Q

Sweat is released through pores and sometimes hair follicles

A

Sudoriferous Glands

52
Q

Gland of external ear

A

Ceruminous Gland

53
Q

What does cerumen do?

A

(Ear wax) -helps prevent foreign bodies from entering the ear

54
Q

Hardened plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells

A

Nails

55
Q

What are the functions of nails?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Small object manipulation
  3. Scratching
  4. Health status information
56
Q

Sun and the Skin

A
  1. Damage from acute overexposure
  2. DNA damage
  3. Collagen and elastic fibre damage from acute overexposure
57
Q

Aging and Skin

A
  1. Collagen fibres decrease in number and are not as functional
  2. Elastin loses its elasticity
  3. Fibroblasts decrease in number
  4. Skin becomes thinner
58
Q

Sheets of tissue covering or lining a part of the body

A

Membrane!

59
Q

Underlying CT layer, what are the 3 types?

A

Epithelial Membrane

  1. Mucous
  2. Serous
  3. Cutaneous
60
Q

CT but no epithelium

A

Synovial

61
Q

Supports epithelium, allows for some movement, contains vasculature for the epithelium

A

CT base

62
Q

Line a body that opens directly to the exterior

A

Mucous Membrane

63
Q

Mucous Membrane A.k.a

A

Mucosa

64
Q

Mucous Membrane example

A
  1. GI Tract
  2. Respiratory Tract
  3. Reproductive Tract
65
Q

Mucous Membrane function

A
  1. Protection (tight junctions, contains goblet cells

2. Absorbtion

66
Q

Line a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior, also covers organs within the cavity

A

Serous Membrane

67
Q

Serous Membrane has two layers

A
  1. Parietal Layer

2. Visceral Layer

68
Q

Lines the cavity wall

A

Parietal Layer

69
Q

Covers and adheres to the organs in the cavity

A

Visceral Layer

70
Q

Simple squamous epithelium secretes serous fluid for lubrication. Examples are..

A

Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Phys Test 2 (5 decks)

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