Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the two distinct regions of the human skin?
Outer epidemis and inner dermis
What part of the skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?
Outer epidermis
Is a connective tissue that is firmly attached to the epidermis by a basement membrane
Inner dermis
Another layer found beneath the skin but is not a part of the skin
major storage site for yna and ja
Connects skin to muscle or bone
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer/Sub-Q
Is made up of Strata: corneum, lucidum (soles and palms only), granulosum, spinosum, and basale
Epidermis
The outermost layer of the skin consisting of 25-30 or more layers of keratinocytes (dead squamous cells filled with keratin)
Waterproof
Stratum corneum
Consists of 3-5 rows of dead, flat keratinocytes. Only found in thick skin such as the soles and palms
Stratum Lucidum
Consists of 3-5 rows of dying, flattened keratinocytes.
No dividing cells found here
Stratum granulosum
8-10 rows of cells (mainly keratinocytes) that are often seen with thorn-like projections caused by tissue preparations in stained slides
Stratum spinosum
Deepest layer of the epidermis
Made up of single row of cells attached to the basement membrane
cuboidal or columnar Cells undergo mitotic division to form new keratinocytes
Stratum basaleor/Stratum basale/Stratum Germitanivum
Is made up of papillary and reticular layers.
(deeper) Dermis
Layer made up of areolar connective tissue
Papillary layer
Finger-like projections in the papillary layer that extend into the epidermis
Dermal papillae
Genetically determined whorls formed by the dermal papillae that increase surface area, grip and friction.
they produce fingerprints
Epidermal ridges
Deeper, much thicker region of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Reticular layer
Provide skin with strength
Collagen fibers
Provide skin with elasticity
Elastic fibers
Composed of columns of dead keratinized cells that are bonded together by extracellular proteins
Hair strand
Superficial portion of the hair
Shaft
Part of the hair found deep in the shaft and penetrates the dermis and sometimes the hypodermis
Hair root
3 layers in the hair and hair root
inner medulla, middle cortex, and outer cuticle
COmposed of keratinized, tightly packed epidermal cells that cover the dorsal surface of the distal portion of each digit
Nail
Part of nail that extends past the digit
Free edge
Part of nail embedded in the fold of the skin
nail root
Part of nail that is half-moon shaped, whitish proximal area of the nail
lunula
Secures the nail to the fingertip
Beneath the free edge
Hyponychium
Narrow band of epidermis that adheres to the nail
Eponychium
Sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands
Type of sweat gland that are most common they appear coiled tubular glands which number around 3000 per sq. inch and produce 600 mL of sweat
Eccrine sweat glands
Type of sweat gland that secrete via exocytosis. Secretions are commonly referred to as cold sweat.
Apocrine sweat glands
System that consists of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, nails and glands.
Integumentary system
Means covering
Integument
Functions of integumentary system
Protection, Sensation, Vitamin D Production, Temperature regulation, Excretion
New cells form > Push older cells to surface > outermost cells protect cells underneath > deeper replicating cells replace lost cells from the surface
During this cells change shape and chemical composition
keratinization
Skin subjected to friction, number of layers in the stratum corneum increases producing…
Callus
Thickened stratum corneum formed in a cone-shaped structure
corn
Excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the surface of the scalp
Dandruff
