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Physiology-Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is secreted into the blood, travels distant target tissue, and binds to specific receptors

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Two chemical categories of hormone

A

Lipid soluble

Water soluble

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3
Q

Example of lipid soluble

A

Steroids
Thyroid hormones
Fatty acid derivative

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4
Q

Examples of water soluble

A

Proteins
Peptides
Amino acid derivatives

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5
Q

Three types of stimuli result in hormone secretion

A

Humoral
Neural
Hormonal

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6
Q

____ stimulation is stimulated by hormones that are sensitive to circulating blood levels of certain molecules such as glucose calcium or sodium

A

Humoral stimuli

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7
Q

Stimuli cause hormone secretion in direct response to action potential in neurons

A

Neural

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8
Q

___ stimulation of other hormone secretion is common in Endo.System.

A

Hormonal

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9
Q

Two processes regulate the over all blood levels of hormones

A

Negative and positive feedback

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10
Q

A hormone that binds to nuclear receptors located inside the nucleus of the target cell

A

Lipid soluble hormones

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11
Q

Hormones that by to membranes-bound receptors, which are integral membrane proteins

A

Water-soluble hormones

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12
Q

Is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain INFUNDIBULUM

A

Pituitary gland

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13
Q

Hormones in anterior pituitary

A

growth hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
melanocyte stimulating hormone

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14
Q

Examples of posterior Pituitary

A

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

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15
Q

Gland that secretes thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid gland

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16
Q

Control the metabolic rate of tissues

A

Thyroid hormones

17
Q

Helps regulate blood calcium levels that is secretes by the thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

18
Q

Secretes parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid gland

19
Q

Hormone that helps regulate blood calcium levels that can be found in parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone

20
Q

Secrets primarily epinephrine and some norephinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

21
Q

Three classes of hormones that adrenal cortex secretes

A

Glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
adrenal androgens

22
Q

Secretes insulin in response to elevate levels of blood glucose and amino acid

A

Pancreas

23
Q

Increases the rate at which many tissues including adipose tissue, the liver and skeletal muscle pick up Glucose and amino acids

A

Insulin

24
Q

Secrets glucagon in response to reduce blood glucose and increase the rate at which the liver releases glucose into blood

A

Pancreas

25
Q

Secret somatostatin in response to food intake

A

Pancreas

26
Q

Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion and gastric tract activity

A

somatostatin

27
Q

Secretes testosterone

A

Testes

28
Q

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

29
Q

Secretes thymosin, which enhances the function of immune system

A

Thymus

30
Q

Secretes melatonin which may help regulate the onset of puberty by acting on the hypothalamus

A

Pineal gland

31
Q

4 classes of chemical messenger

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Neurotransmitter
Endocrine

32
Q

Stimulates the cell that originally secreted it and sometimes nearby cells of the same type

A

Autocrine chemical messengers

33
Q

Produced by wide variety of tissues and secreted into extracellular fluid

A

Paracrine chemical messengers

34
Q

Produced by neurons, activates adjacent cell

A

Neurotransmitters

35
Q

Secreted into the vlood by specialized cells

A

Endocrine chemical messengers

36
Q

Functions of the endocrine

A 
Metabolism
Control of food intake and digestion
Tissue development
Ion regulation
Water balance
Heart rate and bp regulation
Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
Control of reproductive functions
Uterine contractions and milk release
Immune system regulation
37
Q

Hormones small in size and low solubility in aqueous fluids

Travel in the bloodstream attached to binding proteins

A

Lipid soluble hormones

38
Q

Are dissolved in blood and circulate as free hormones. Do not attach to binding proteins.

Diffuse into tissue spaces slower

A

Water-soluble hormones

39
Q

Neurons that secrete chemical messengers directly into the blood

A

Neuropeptides

Physiology-Anatomy (8 decks)

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