Integumentary system

Question 0

Describe the basic structure of the dermis?

Answer 0

papillary is the top 20% w/ loose areola CT, collagen and elastic fibers forms dermal papillae
Reticular bottom 80% Dense irregular CT w/ collagen and elastic fibers
surrounds hair follicles sebaceous glands and sweat glands nerves and blood vessel

Question 1

What is the basic structure of the epidermis?

Answer 1

4 or 5 layers
corneum licidum granulosum spinosum and basale
most layers lack blood vessles

Question 2

What is the structure function and locations of stratum basale?

Answer 2

The deepest epidermis layer
simple cuboidal
3 cells Keratinocytes - (most abundent)synthesize proteins and regenerate new cells
Melanocytes - Uv light Produces and it stores pigment shields dna from uv radiation
Tactile cells - few in #’s sensory nerve endings they release chm’s and provide info of object we r toughing.

Question 3

What is the structure function and locations stratum spinosum?

Answer 3

“spiny layer” differentiates new cell into non-dividing keratinocyes. these cell attach to their neighbors by intercellular junctions called desmosomes
Epidermal dendritic cell - immune cells tht help fight infection

Question 4

What is the structure function and locations granulosum?

Answer 4

(3 - 5 layers) this begins w/ keratinization where the keratinocytes fill up w/ the protein keratin and causes both the cells nucleus and organelles to disintegrate and begin to die but it is not complete until the cell reaches the most superficial layer (corneum)

Question 5

What is the structure function and locations Stratum Lucidum?

Answer 5

Only present in thick skin. 2 or 3 cell layers thick in the palms of hands or soles of feet. filled w/ protein called Eleidin this helps the skin from UV light

Question 6

what is the function of integumentary system?

Answer 6

Skin / protection , temp. regulation/ water protection / sensation / secretion

Question 7

What is the structure function and locations of corneum ?

Answer 7

20 - 30 layers of dead scaly interlocking keratinized cells. the dead cells are anucleate(lacking nuceli) and are tightly packed together

Question 8

What is the structure function and locations hair follicles?

Answer 8

oblique tube tht surrounds the hair root . extends into the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous layer .
Ct root sheath and Epithelial tissue .

Question 9

What is the structure function and locations arrector pili muscles?

Answer 9

this extends from the hair follicle to the dermal papillae and r thin ribbons of smooth muscle tht collectively are arrector pili muscles.
pulls on the hair follicle and elevates the hair creating goose bumps

Question 10

What is the structure function and locations hair?

Answer 10

Protection: from sunburn regulates temp. detect touch. visual characteristics produce phaeromones

Question 11

What is the structure function and locations sudoriferous gland? aka apocrine glands

Answer 11

: Coiled tubular glands tht release their secretion into hair follicles in the axillae, around nipples pubic region, and anal region this is produced by exocytosis

Question 12

What is the structure function and locations eccrine glands or merocrine sweat glands?

Answer 12

Most numerous and widely distributes Sweat glands. An adult contains 3 - 4 million merocrine glands.
simple coiled tubular glands tht discharge their secretions directly to the surface of the skin. regulates body temp.

Question 13

What is the structure function and locations Sebaceous glands? or holocrine glands

Answer 13

produce an oily waxy secretion called sebum and this is discharged ino the hair follicle and the hair itself . acts as lubricant to keep hair/ skin from getting dry. ‘activated during puberty wen the production of sex hormones inc.

Question 14

What is the structure function and locations ceruminous glands?

Answer 14

modified aprocrine SG. located only in the external acoustic meatus (ear canal) secretion forms water proof earwax called cerumen.

Question 15

What is the structure function and locations nails ?

Answer 15

scalelike modifications of the stratum corneum layer

protect the distal tips of digits and prevent damage or extensive distortion and assist us in grasping things .

Question 16

Know the components of the dermis ?

Answer 16

Papillary layer : 20% and ifsuperficial region and adjacent to the epidermis .
Composed of areolar connective tissue called dermal papillae and this interdigitate w/ epidermal ridges.
Reticular layer : forms the bottom 80% from papillary layer to subcutaneous layer. Contains dense irregular CT collagen

Question 17

Know the 4 types of cells found in the epidermis?where and function

Answer 17

Keratinized stratified squamous:
Keratinocytes: found in stratum basale. synthesis of protein Keratin strengthens the epidermis
Melanocytes: found in stratum basale. produce and store pigment from Uv light.shields from the nuclear dna from uv radiation
Tactile cells: few in #’s also found in stratum basale . sensitive to touch and provides us w/ info of the object we r touching by releasing chm’s tht stimulate nerve endings.

Question 18

Know the 3 pigments tht influence skin color ?

Answer 18

Hemoglobin:O2 binding protein found in red BC
Melanin : is a pigment produces and stored in melanocutes.(black, brown, tan and yellow-brown)
Carotene : Yellow orange pigment tht is acquired from yellow / orange vegetables

Question 19

Know the function and tissues found in hypodermis?

Answer 19

deep to dermis . composed of areolar and adipose CT

Question 20

Know the differences between the dif. types of hair?

Answer 20

Lanugo: fine, non-pigmented hairs tht cover the fetus
Vellus:short fine hair tht replaces lanugo
Terminal: pigmented hairs tht appear in response to androgens (hormones) replace vellus at puberty

Question 21

What are the different classifications of burns?

Answer 21

1st degree:only involves epidermis characterized by redness, pain and slight edema. healing 3 - 5 days
2nd degree: involves epidermis and some dermis. skin appears red, tan or white. it is also blistered and painful. healing 2 - 4 weeks
3rd degree: involves epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. often destroyed. dehydration is major concern bcuz entire portion of skin has lost

Question 22

How do medical professionals asses burn area by using the rule of 9’s?

Answer 22

the rule of 9 is used to estimate the surface area of a burn. estimating surface area of a burn is crutial for determining appropriate fluid replacement… most major body areas approximately account for 9 % of the total body surface area. anterior and posterior of head and neck are 9% each upper limb 9%. the anterior and posterior trunk accoount for 18% each. lower limbs and gluteal 18% perineum 1%

Question 23

what r the 3 types of skin cancer?

Answer 23

Basal cell carcinoma: most common least dangerous treated by surgical removal
squamous cell carcinoma: arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum lesions usually appear on scalp ears lower lip. treatment by early detection and surgical removal. also w/ kemo
malignant melanoma : most deadly skin cancer due to its agressive growth and metastasis advanced cases difficult to cure and trated w/ chemo. interferon therapy and radiation

Question 24

Define ABCD as it relates to skin cancer / pigment spot assessment?

Answer 24

A - asymmetric
B - Boarders uneven
C - multiple colors
D - diameter greater than 1/4 inch

Question 25

sub q layer/ hypodermis

Answer 25

2 main components adipose and areolar CT

Question 26

1Vitiligo 2pemphigus

Answer 26

1is an autoimmune disease
it attacks the melanocytes
2antibodies attack desmosomes