Histology Flashcards
Describe the different cell to cell adhesions.
Tight junction - Impermeable junction tht encircles the tht nothing can pass in between , unless it goes thru the cells itself. cross stitching
Desmosome - Anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells simple / stratified epi, muscle
Used for cell to cell adhesion , resists hearing forces
Gap junction - Allows chm substances to pass and b shared between cells
Proteins tht form pores tht stuff can pass through. Share nutrients pass waste.
EX muscle cells in the heart and
Know the 4 main tissues and distinguish from them
Connective tissue - Bone and blood also included, ligaments tendons fats…(most abundant)
Epithelial tissue -lining or covering (skin has epithelium) the lining of the digestive track Is lined by epithelium . held together by tight junctions and desmosomes.
Nervous tissue - electrical signals travel threw neurons
muscle tissue - cardiac intercaladted discs, smooth , skeletal are multi nuclei voluntary
give ex of these junctions
tight - found on the apical side of cells circumference
Desmosomes - cardiac muscle cells and epithelial and are used for ell to cell adhesion
Gap junctions - so cells can share nutrients or dispose of waste found in cardia cells
define cellularity and how it compares between different tissues such as epith. vs CT?
composed almost entirely of cells Jammed packed
Epith. has more cellularity than CT
understand polarity of epith. apical / basal side why is it important and how is it maintained
nutrients and waste can enter one side and leave thru the other . if ones an entrance the others an exit.
How do epith. tissues get nourished ?
They r nourished from the CT which has blood vessels flowing thru it. which then it can reach the epith. cell and nourish the cell by fusion.
Define Hypertrophy
cells become larger in size or the amount of cells
Define Atrophy
cells become smaller in size or number
Define Hyperplasia
cells undergo mitosis and increase in number
Define Metaplasia
adult cells can change to another adult type
Define Dysplasia
cells change in size, shape, and appearance
Define structure function and location of Simple squamous ?
Flat and single layered … Single nucleus .. rapid diffusion and filtration
air sacs in lungs and lining of blood vessels
found in kidney
define structure function and locations of Simple cuboidal
Single layer. dome shape at the top. absorption and secretion .. kidney tubules and ducts and secretory region
define structure function and locations of Simple columnar?
Single layered . rectangular shaped . absorption and secretion . Lining of most digestive tract
uterus
define structure function and location of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar ?
single layer . looks like multiple layers tho. nuclei may not b in a row.
Protection Ciliated from also involved in movement of mucus
upper Respiratory tract.
Define structure , function , locations transitional ?
Looks like stratified cubodial. stretching and relaxation to accomidate urine volume.
‘Lining of urinary tract, uterus / part of urethra
define structure function and location of stratified squamous?
Keratinized is epidermis of skin protecting of underlying tissue .
non-keritinized - stacked top looks like eggs. protection of underlying tissue lining of oral cavity
What is a goblet cell and what does it do?
exocrine gland but Unicellular . it has a duct . found in simple columnar and Pseudostratified columnar.
secretes their products into their ducts
gal blatter Digestive tract
Compare / contrast exocrine and endocrine?
endocrine - ductless and secretes hormones directly into the body
exocrine - has ducts to secrete outside the body
how r exocrine glands classified ?
simple, branched, compoud simple meaning 1 branched meaning many, compound meaning more than 1 twig on a branch
tubular - narrow tube roughly same size all the way threw
alveolar - narrow and ends in a bulb so it get bulky and round towards the tip.
tubuloalveolar - is a mixture of each on the same branch
Describe the modes of secretion for exocrine glands?
□ Merocrine gland
® Secretes by exocytosis (Tears saliva eccrineglands
□ APOCRINE
® WHOLE PART of cells secretes Mammary and a
□ Holocrine
® Cell will Rupture as a whole
what are the general functions of CT?
binding and support
insulation
protection
transportation
what r the components of CT?
Cells and Extracellular matrix
Cells consist of Osteoblast(bone) fibroblast(makes CTProper) chondroblast(cartliage) and HSC(solid components in blood, red blood cells/ white and plasma)
Extracellular matrix are made up of fibers and ground substance.
Fibers consist of collagen(tough ropes and strings) elastic(elasticity) and reticular(Like collagen but hard to c)
What is the structure function and locations of areolar?
distributed on the epithelia and just deep of the epithelia
allows for diffusion of nutrients
What is the structure function and locations Adipose?
Fat cells tht look like soap bubbles
‘deep to the skin and wrap around organs . protection , temperature regulation and stores energy
What is the structure function and locations Dense regular ?
Very compact all the fibers are going one direction .
tough rope/ tendon / ligament
strong in only one direction
Loc: tendons / ligaments
What is the structure function and locations Dense irregular?
Very compact but resistant in all directions.
dermis of skin and joint capsules
What is the structure function and locations elastic Cartliage?
floppy part of ear
scratchy and dirty
chondrocytes
maintains the shape of structure while allowing flexibility
What is the structure function and locations fibrocartilage ?
fibers are present and its tough wen pulled or squished
w/ chondrocytes
in between Vertebra and in lateral and medial meniscus
What is the structure function and locations Hyaline cartilage ?
supports and reinforces
covers ends of long bones in joint cavities
What is the structure function and locations BONE?
Many bones contains cartilage.
contains lacuna and osteoblasts
arranged like tree trunk w/ rings
What is the structure function and locations Blood?
Red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
What is the structure function and locations skeletal muscle?
voluntary movement of bones and has attachment sites
Long cells multi nucleated and are striated (striped)
What is the structure function and locations Cardiac muscle?
involuntary and only found in the heart
striated and single nuclei per cell
cell junctions called intercalated discs
What is the structure function and locations smooth muscle?
Lining of hollow organs moves things along found in throat or bladder no striation , shaped like an eye single nuclei and forms a sheet of cells
What is the structure function and locations nervous tissue?
neurons r branching cells mayb quite long
transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
found in brain spinal cord and nerves
What is the structure and locations of Mucous?
These line body cavities tht r exposed to the outside world
oral cavity? ear?
What is the structure and locations serous?
lines body cavities not exposed to the outside world
pleura / pericardium abdominal pelvic mediasternium vertebrae canal
What is the structure and locations Cutaneous?
Skin so epidermis /. dermis / subcutaneous layer
