Histology

Question 0

Describe the different cell to cell adhesions.

Answer 0

Tight junction - Impermeable junction tht encircles the tht nothing can pass in between , unless it goes thru the cells itself. cross stitching
Desmosome - Anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells simple / stratified epi, muscle
Used for cell to cell adhesion , resists hearing forces
Gap junction - Allows chm substances to pass and b shared between cells
Proteins tht form pores tht stuff can pass through. Share nutrients pass waste.
EX muscle cells in the heart and

Question 1

Know the 4 main tissues and distinguish from them

Answer 1

Connective tissue - Bone and blood also included, ligaments tendons fats…(most abundant)
Epithelial tissue -lining or covering (skin has epithelium) the lining of the digestive track Is lined by epithelium . held together by tight junctions and desmosomes.
Nervous tissue - electrical signals travel threw neurons
muscle tissue - cardiac intercaladted discs, smooth , skeletal are multi nuclei voluntary

Question 2

give ex of these junctions

Answer 2

tight - found on the apical side of cells circumference
Desmosomes - cardiac muscle cells and epithelial and are used for ell to cell adhesion
Gap junctions - so cells can share nutrients or dispose of waste found in cardia cells

Question 3

define cellularity and how it compares between different tissues such as epith. vs CT?

Answer 3

composed almost entirely of cells Jammed packed

Epith. has more cellularity than CT

Question 4

understand polarity of epith. apical / basal side why is it important and how is it maintained

Answer 4

nutrients and waste can enter one side and leave thru the other . if ones an entrance the others an exit.

Question 5

How do epith. tissues get nourished ?

Answer 5

They r nourished from the CT which has blood vessels flowing thru it. which then it can reach the epith. cell and nourish the cell by fusion.

Question 6

Define Hypertrophy

Answer 6

cells become larger in size or the amount of cells

Question 7

Define Atrophy

Answer 7

cells become smaller in size or number

Question 8

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 8

cells undergo mitosis and increase in number

Question 9

Define Metaplasia

Answer 9

adult cells can change to another adult type

Question 10

Define Dysplasia

Answer 10

cells change in size, shape, and appearance

Question 11

Define structure function and location of Simple squamous ?

Answer 11

Flat and single layered … Single nucleus .. rapid diffusion and filtration
air sacs in lungs and lining of blood vessels
found in kidney

Question 12

define structure function and locations of Simple cuboidal

Answer 12

Single layer. dome shape at the top. absorption and secretion .. kidney tubules and ducts and secretory region

Question 13

define structure function and locations of Simple columnar?

Answer 13

Single layered . rectangular shaped . absorption and secretion . Lining of most digestive tract
uterus

Question 14

define structure function and location of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar ?

Answer 14

single layer . looks like multiple layers tho. nuclei may not b in a row.
Protection Ciliated from also involved in movement of mucus
upper Respiratory tract.

Question 15

Define structure , function , locations transitional ?

Answer 15

Looks like stratified cubodial. stretching and relaxation to accomidate urine volume.
‘Lining of urinary tract, uterus / part of urethra

Question 16

define structure function and location of stratified squamous?

Answer 16

Keratinized is epidermis of skin protecting of underlying tissue .
non-keritinized - stacked top looks like eggs. protection of underlying tissue lining of oral cavity

Question 17

What is a goblet cell and what does it do?

Answer 17

exocrine gland but Unicellular . it has a duct . found in simple columnar and Pseudostratified columnar.
secretes their products into their ducts
gal blatter Digestive tract

Question 18

Compare / contrast exocrine and endocrine?

Answer 18

endocrine - ductless and secretes hormones directly into the body
exocrine - has ducts to secrete outside the body

Question 19

how r exocrine glands classified ?

Answer 19

simple, branched, compoud simple meaning 1 branched meaning many, compound meaning more than 1 twig on a branch
tubular - narrow tube roughly same size all the way threw
alveolar - narrow and ends in a bulb so it get bulky and round towards the tip.
tubuloalveolar - is a mixture of each on the same branch

Question 20

Describe the modes of secretion for exocrine glands?

Answer 20

□ Merocrine gland
® Secretes by exocytosis (Tears saliva eccrineglands
□ APOCRINE
® WHOLE PART of cells secretes Mammary and a
□ Holocrine
® Cell will Rupture as a whole

Question 21

what are the general functions of CT?

Answer 21

binding and support
insulation
protection
transportation

Question 22

what r the components of CT?

Answer 22

Cells and Extracellular matrix
Cells consist of Osteoblast(bone) fibroblast(makes CTProper) chondroblast(cartliage) and HSC(solid components in blood, red blood cells/ white and plasma)
Extracellular matrix are made up of fibers and ground substance.
Fibers consist of collagen(tough ropes and strings) elastic(elasticity) and reticular(Like collagen but hard to c)

Question 23

What is the structure function and locations of areolar?

Answer 23

distributed on the epithelia and just deep of the epithelia

allows for diffusion of nutrients

Question 24

What is the structure function and locations Adipose?

Answer 24

Fat cells tht look like soap bubbles

‘deep to the skin and wrap around organs . protection , temperature regulation and stores energy

Question 25

What is the structure function and locations Dense regular ?

Answer 25

Very compact all the fibers are going one direction .
tough rope/ tendon / ligament
strong in only one direction
Loc: tendons / ligaments

Question 26

What is the structure function and locations Dense irregular?

Answer 26

Very compact but resistant in all directions.

dermis of skin and joint capsules

Question 27

What is the structure function and locations elastic Cartliage?

Answer 27

floppy part of ear
scratchy and dirty
chondrocytes
maintains the shape of structure while allowing flexibility

Question 28

What is the structure function and locations fibrocartilage ?

Answer 28

fibers are present and its tough wen pulled or squished
w/ chondrocytes
in between Vertebra and in lateral and medial meniscus

Question 29

What is the structure function and locations Hyaline cartilage ?

Answer 29

supports and reinforces

covers ends of long bones in joint cavities

Question 30

What is the structure function and locations BONE?

Answer 30

Many bones contains cartilage.
contains lacuna and osteoblasts
arranged like tree trunk w/ rings

Question 31

What is the structure function and locations Blood?

Answer 31

Red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 32

What is the structure function and locations skeletal muscle?

Answer 32

voluntary movement of bones and has attachment sites

Long cells multi nucleated and are striated (striped)

Question 33

What is the structure function and locations Cardiac muscle?

Answer 33

involuntary and only found in the heart
striated and single nuclei per cell
cell junctions called intercalated discs

Question 34

What is the structure function and locations smooth muscle?

Answer 34

Lining of hollow organs
moves things along
found in throat or bladder
no striation , shaped like an eye
single nuclei and forms a sheet of cells

Question 35

What is the structure function and locations nervous tissue?

Answer 35

neurons r branching cells mayb quite long
transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
found in brain spinal cord and nerves

Question 36

What is the structure and locations of Mucous?

Answer 36

These line body cavities tht r exposed to the outside world

oral cavity? ear?

Question 37

What is the structure and locations serous?

Answer 37

lines body cavities not exposed to the outside world

pleura / pericardium abdominal pelvic mediasternium vertebrae canal

Question 38

What is the structure and locations Cutaneous?

Answer 38

Skin so epidermis /. dermis / subcutaneous layer