BIO 201 lecture Intro to human body Flashcards
What r the components of Neg. feedback? How do they work together to maintain homeostasis?
Also be able to recognize it or provide an ex.
Sensor , Set point , effector
Sensor detects the change from homeostasis
Set point - tells what a particular value should be
Where the effector makes the physical change to return back to homeostasis
ex. the bodies temp. increases. the sensor detects the rise in temp. of the body The set point is at 98.6ocand the effector begins to make the body sweat to lower body temp. back to normal.
Negative feedback opposes change to maintain homeostasis
Explain the meaning of homeostasis , and why it is so important to life?
HOMEOSTASIS - is the maintenance of a stable internal environment
It maintains the internal stability of the body and it has mechanisms to bring the body back to homeostasis if something were to effect the bodies internal env.
Explain the principle of positive feedback and be able to recognize it or provide an ex.
Amplifies an initial change
Opposes homeostasis, drives further away from the set point
Occurs rarely n the body
Good for situations where rapid change is desirable
Break or tear in blood vessel wall
a. Feedback cycle initiated
b. Clotting occurs as platelets adhere to site and release chemicals
c. Released chm attract more platelets
d. Clotting proceeds; newly forming clot grows
e. Feed bCK CYCLE ENDS AFTER CLOT SEALED
Understand the lvls of organization of life?
Atoms
Molecules - atoms make Molecules
Cell - molecules make Cells
Tissues - multiple cells make Tissues
Organ - multiple types of tissues makes an organ
Organ system - multiple organs make an organ system
Organism - multiple organ systems make an organism.
Directional terms : anterior , posterior , Superior , inferior , medial , lateral , proximal , distal , superficial , deep , ventral , dorsal
Ventral - toward the belly or front
Dorsal - toward the back or rear
Explain the role of organ systems in maintaining homeostasis: 1Circulatory 2Digestive 3Respiratory 4Urinary 5skeleltal 6muscular 7integumentary 8immune 9nervous 10endocrine
1Transports materials ei nutrients , gases
2Breaks down food
3obtains O2 and eliminates CO2
4Eliminates waste from the plasma
5Provides support
6Moves the bones
7Outer protective barrier
8defends against foreign invaders
9controls and coordinates activities rapidly
10lack ducks secretes hormones into the blood
REGIONAL TERMS Anterior
Cephalic
frontal, Orbital ,Buccal
Anterior view Cephalic - top of head frontal - forehead Orbital - eyes Buccal - cheeks Mental - Chin Nasal - nose oral - mouth Cervical region - neck Deltoid / acromial - shoulder sternal - sternum Pectoral (chest) Mammary - Breast Axillary - armpit Brachial - arm Antecubital - front of elbow Ante Brachial - forarme Carpal - wrist Palmers - palm Digital - fingers Coxal - hip Abdominal - abdomen Pelvic - pelvis Inguinal - groin pubic - pubic femoral - thigh patellar - kneecap crural - leg Pes - foot Tarsal - ankle dorsal of the foot digital - toe posterior view Cranial - surrounding the brain Auricular - ear Occipital - back of head thoracic vertebral - spinal column Olecranal - back of elbow abdominal - abdomen Lumbar - lower back Sacral - inner part of butt cheek Gluteal - butt Perineal - ass whole Manus - hand dorsum of hand popliteal - back of knee sural - calf calcaneal - heal Plantar surface - sole
Understand the meaning of the following planes
Sagitall
frontal = coronal
tranversal
Sagittal - cutting into left and right pieces
frontal or coronal - cutting into front and back pieces
Transversal - cutting into top and bottom
identify the body cavities and exp. organ / organ system within
Cranial cavity - space in head
Vertebral canal - space in spine]
Thoracic cavity - mediastinum , pleural cavity , pericardial cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal pelvis cavity - abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
Understand and describe the organization of the serous membranes in the ventral body cavities . what is the point of these membranes
Parietal - out layer of membrane Visceral - inner most layer of membrane cavity - is the fluid liquid in the membrane Pericardium and Pleura reduces friction from muscle movement EX - parietal pericardium
