Integumentary System

Question 0

Name the cell types of the epidermis

Answer 0

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Tactile (Merkel) cells

Question 1

Name the 2 distinct regions of the skin

Answer 1

Epidermis

Dermis

Question 2

Which layer of skin do keratinocytes arise from?

Answer 2

Stratum basale

Question 3

What are melanocytes and what do they do?

Answer 3

They are spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesise melanin.

Question 4

What does melanin do?

Answer 4

Protects the keratinocyte nucleus from UV light.

Question 5

Where are Langerhans cells made?

Answer 5

Bone marrow (then they migrate to the epidermis)

Question 6

What do Langerhans cells do?

Answer 6

Ingest foreign substances

Question 7

Where are tactile cells found?

Answer 7

Epidermal-dermal junction

Question 8

What is a tactile cell associated with and what does the combination do?

Answer 8

Each tactile cell is intimately associated with a disc-like sensory nerve ending. The combination is called a tactile disc and it is the sensory receptor for touch.

Question 9

Name the layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial

Answer 9

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 10

Name the layers of the dermis

Answer 10

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

Question 11

What 3 pigments contribute to skin colour?

Answer 11

Melanin
Carotene
Heamoglobin

Question 12

Name the appendages of the skin

Answer 12

Hair
Hair follicles
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

Question 13

What are hairs made of?

Answer 13

Dead, keratinised cells

Question 14

What are the chief regions of a hair

Answer 14

Shaft

Root

Question 15

What are the 3 layers of keratinised cells in a hair called?

Answer 15

Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle

Question 16

What’s the name of the muscle associated with a hair follicle?

Answer 16

Arrector pilli

Question 17

What is the role of the arrector pilli muscles in humans?

Answer 17

It’s contractions force sebum out of hair follicles to the skin surface where it acts as a skin lubricant.

Question 18

What’s the name of the pale, fine hair?

Answer 18

Vellus hair

Question 19

What’s the name of the coarser, longer hair?

Answer 19

Terminal hair

Question 20

What are nails?

Answer 20

Scale like modifications of the dermis

Question 21

Which layer of the skin extends beneath the nail as the nail bed?

Answer 21

Stratum basale

Question 22

Where on the body are there no sweat glands?

Answer 22

Nipples

Parts of the external genitalia

Question 23

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

Answer 23

eccrine (merocrine)

Apocrine

Question 24

Where are eccrine sweat glands particularly abundant?

Answer 24

Palms
Soles of the feet
Forehead

Question 25

What is an eccrine sweat gland?

Answer 25

A simple, coiled, tubular gland.

The secretory part lies coiled in the dermis and the duct extends to open in the funnel-shaped pore at the skin surface.

Question 26

What is sweat?

Answer 26

Hypotonic filtrate of the blood

Question 27

How do apocrine glands secrete sweat?

Answer 27

Into hair follicles

Question 28

Which parts of the body lack sebaceous glands?

Answer 28

Palms

Soles

Question 29

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Answer 29

Sebum

Question 30

Functionally, what are sebaceous glands?

Answer 30

Holocene glands (they accumulate oily lipids until they become so engorged that they burst)

Question 31

What does sebum do?

Answer 31

softens and lubricates the hair and skin

Question 32

What stimulates the secretion of sebum?

Answer 32

Hormones