Integumentary System

Question 0

Structures work together to provide the folllowing functions within body

Answer 0

Protection from injury, fluid loss, and microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, yeast).
Temperature regulation
Fluid balance
Sensation

Question 1

Integumentary

Answer 1

Largest organ system in the body is compromised following structure
Skin, hair, nails

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

Two layers make up human skin: dermis and epidermis.

Question 3

Epidermis composed of

Answer 3

4 to 5 layers called stratum. The number stratum varies based where the epidermis is located

Question 4

Stratum corneum

Answer 4

Also called the horny layer; outermost layer

Question 5

Stratum lucidum (palms and soles)

Answer 5

Normally found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
Clear layer

Question 6

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 6

Granular layer of cells. They accumulate two types of granules; keratohyaline granules and lamellated granules.

Question 7

Stratum spinosum

Answer 7

Composed of prickle cells

Question 8

Stratum basale ( stratum germinativum)

Answer 8

Deepest of the five layers, made of basal cells.

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

Lies on the subcutaneous ( beneath the skin) tissue. Located just under the epidermis. It has two layers of strata :

Question 10

Stratum papillare

Answer 10

Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis

Question 11

Stratum reticulare

Answer 11

Thick layer of dense , irregular connective tissue

Question 12

Dermis contains Many important structures nourishing and innervating the skin

Answer 12

Vessels carrying blood and lymph
Nerves and nerve endings
Glands
Hair follicles

Question 13

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 13

Is known as the hypodermis but not consider a layer of the skin. Composed of fatty or adipose tissue, plus some areolar issue (loose connective tissue consist of a meshwork of collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibers.

Question 14

Hypodermis serves

Answer 14

Protect the underlying structures, prevent loss of body heat, and anchor the skin to the underlying musculature.
The fibrous connective tissue, referred to as superficial fascia, is included in this layer.

Question 15

Hair

Answer 15

has two separate structures;

Follicle and shaft.

Question 16

Follicle contains several layers

Answer 16

At the base is a bulb-like projection, called papilla

Question 17

There are capillaries nourishing the bulb

Answer 17

Cells in the bulb divide every 23 to 72 hrs

Question 18

Inner and outer sheaths protect and mold the growing hair shaft surrounding the follicle

Answer 18

The inner sheaths ends at the opening of the sebaceous gland, which secrets sebum; it may pocket, causing benign lesions on the scalp

Question 19

Removal of these benign cysts are reported using

Answer 19

CPT codes from 11400-11471 range.

Question 20

Erector pili

Answer 20

Muscle attaches to the outer sheath and causes hair to stand up when it contracts.

Question 21

The shaft composed of keratin in 3 layers

Answer 21

The medulla, cortex, and cuticle.

Question 22

Pigment cells

Answer 22

In the cortex and medulla give hair it characteristic color

Question 23

Nails

Answer 23

Fingernail is made of keratin acting as protective plate mad as counterforce to the fingertip to increase sensory input of touch

Question 24

Nail is divided into 6 specific parts

Answer 24

The root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium, mad hyponychium

Question 25

The root

Answer 25

AKA germinal matrix, lies beneath the skin behind the fingernail and extends several millimeters into the finger. Produces most of the volume of the nail and nail bed and it’s edge is the white, crescent-shaped structure called the lunula

Question 26

The nail bed

Answer 26

The sterile matrix, extends from the edge of the lunula to the hyponychium . It contains blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes (melanin-producing cells).

Question 27

Nail plate is the actual fingernail Made of translucent keratin.

Answer 27

Blood vessels underneath give the nail it’s pink appearance; the grooves along the inner length of the nail plate anchor the nail to the nail bed.

Question 28

Eponychium ( cuticle)

Answer 28

Between the skin of the finger and nail plate fusing the skin of the finger to the nail plate

Question 29

Perionychium aka paronychial edge

Answer 29

Is the skin overlying the nail plate on its sides and is the site of hangnails, ingrown nails, and an infection of the skin called paronychia

Question 30

Hyponychium

Answer 30

is the junction between the free edge of the nail and the skin