Integumentary System Flashcards
Functions of the Integumentary System
Protection
Sensation
Temperature Regulation
Vitamin D Production
Excretion
What are the two layers that is made up of two major tissue layers
Epidermis
Dermis
It is the superficial layer of the skin, it consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Epidermis
It reduces water loss, and protects against potential damage from abrasion
Epidermis
It is a layer of connective tissue
Dermis
It is responsible for the strength of the skin
Dermis
It is a layer of loose connective tissue and connects the skin to muscle or bone
Hypodermis
It provides structural strength due to keratin within cells; prevents water loss
Stratum Corneum
Disperses keratohyalin around keratin fibers
Stratum Lucidum
Produces keratohyalin granules; where cells dies
Stratum Granulosum
Produces Keratin fibers; lamellar bodies form inside keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum
Produces cells of the most superficial strata; melanocytes produce and contribute melanin; protects against UV
Stratum Basale
It brings blood vessels close to the dermis; dermal papillae form fingerprints and footprints
Papillary Layer
It is the main fibrous layer of the dermis; strong in many directions; forms cleavage lines
Reticular Layer
These cells in the epidermis produce a protein mixture called keratin
Keratinocytes
It is a protein mixture that makes the cells more durable
Keratin
It produces the pigment melanin, which contributes to skin color
Melanocytes
Other cells of the epidermis that are part of the immune system
Langerhans Cells
These are specialized cells associated with nerve endings, responsible for detecting light touch and superficial pressure
Merkel Cells
It is the process where keratinocytes move from the deeper epidermal layers to the surface area, the cells change shape and chemical composition
Keratinization
It is an example of skin disease where large scales of epidermal tissue is sloughed off
Psoriasis
What are the 5 strata
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
It forms inside the cell as keratinocytes progress through the stratum with additional keratin fibers and lipid filled, membrane bound organelles
Lamellar Bodies
These are dead keratinocytes with a hard protein envelope
Cornified Cells
It has all 5 strata, it is found in areas subject to pressure or friction
Thick Skin
It covers the rest of the body and is more flexible and than thick skin
Thin Skin
It is an area of the skin subjected to friction or pressure
Callus
It is the skin over bony prominences structure
Corn
It is a group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
Melanin
These are vesicles which melanocytes produce and package melanin
Melanosomes
It is a recessive genetic trait that results from an inability to produce tyrosinase
Albinism
It is a condition in which skin turns a reddish hue when the amount of blood flowing increases
Erythema
It is a condition where the skin turns to a bluish color due to decrease in blood flow
Cyanosis
It is a yellow pigment found in plants it is a source of vitamin A for humans
Carotene
It is used for tuberculin skin test, it goes into the dermis
Intradermal Injection
It extends into the subcutaneous tissue, example is insulin injection
Subcutaneous Injection
It reaches muscle deep into the subcutaneous tissue, it is used for injecting vaccines
Intramuscular Injection
It develops by the 5th or 6th month of fetal development, it is unpigmented hair
Lanugo
It is pigmented in the near time of birth it is long, coarse
Terminal Hairs
These are short, fine, and usually unpigmented, it replaced the lanugo on the rest of the body
Vellus Hairs
This is the part of the hair where it protrudes above the surface of the skin
Shaft
It is part of the hair that is located below the surface
Root
The base of the roots is expanded to form
Hair Bulb
It is the central axis of the hair which consists two to three layers of keratin
Medulla
It surrounds the medulla and forms the bulk of the hair
Cortex
It covers the cortex it is single layered and contains hard keratin
Cuticle
It is a tubelike invagination of the epidermis that extends into the dermis
Hair Follicle
Hair follicle consists of two parts
Dermal Root Sheath
Epithelial Root Sheath
It is the portion of the dermis that surrounds the epithelial root sheath
Dermal Root Sheath
It is inside the hair bulb that contains a mass of undifferentiated epithelial cells
Matrix
It projects from the dermis of the skin into the hair bulb
Hair Papilla
Hair increases in length and a new matrix of cells are produced
Growth Stage
It is also called spot baldness it involves varying degrees of hair loss and can affect all areas of the body
Alopecia Areata
This part of the hair follicle produces goose bumbs
Arrector Pili
What are the two types of Sweat Glands
Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Glands
It produces isotonic fluid that is mostly water that also contains some salts and small amounts of ammonia
Eccrine Sweat Glands
These glands are found in the Axillae and genitalia, it is active during puberty as a result of sex hormones, it releases body odor
Apocrine Sweat Glands
These are modified eccrine sweat glands located in the ear canal
Ceruminous Glands
It is composed of combined secretions of the ceruminous glands and sebaceous glands
Cerumen
These are modified apocrine sweat glands located in the breasts, they produce milk
Mammary Glands
It is a thin plate consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contains a hard type of keratin
Nail
The nail consists of two parts
Nail Root (covered by skin)
Nail Body (visible portion of the skin)
It covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail
Nail Fold
It is the nail fold that grows onto the nail body
Cuticle or Eponychium
It is a thickened region of the stratum corneum it is beneath the nail edge
Hyponychium
