Integumentary system Flashcards
The biological system that includes the skin, hair, nails and associated glands
Integumentary system
The outermost layer of the skin that provides protection
Epidermis
The outermost part of the epidermis made of dead, flattened keratinized cells that acts as a barrier to protect against elements and pathogens
Stratum corneum
Small openings in the epidermis that allow sweat to be release for cooling and waste removal
Sweat glands
A thin transparent layer in the epidermis found only in thick skin (palm, soles) which provides an extra layer of protection
Stratum lucidum
A layer in the epidermis which contains granules that help in the production of keratin and also plays a role in water resistance
Stratum granulosum
A layer in the epidermis where keratinocytes begin to develop connections, providing structural support. It also contains immune cells to help fight infections
Stratum spinosum
The deepest layer of the epidermis containing basal cells that continuously divide to form new skin cells. It also houses melanocytes which produce melanin for skin pigmentation
Stratum basale
The middle layer of the skin which provides strength and elasticity, support blood circulation and contain sensory receptors
Dermis
Part of the dermis which provides nutrients to the epidermis and form fingerprints for grip and texture sensitivity
Dermal Papiilla
Part of the dermis that detects light touches and vibrations, found in fingertips and lips
Meissner’s corpuscle (tactile corpuscle)
Part of the dermis that transmits sensory information such as pain, temperature and touch
Nerve fiber
Also known as the subcutaneous tissue, it is the deepest layer of the skin and is composed primarily of adipose and connective tissue
Hypodermis
Part of the hypodermis that detects pressure and vibrations, found in deep skin layers, joints and tendons
Pacinian corpuscle
Part of the hypodermis that detects skin stretching and sustained pressure, important for grip and movement detection
Ruffini corpuscle
Part of the hypodermis that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the skin, support healing and cell function
Artery
Part of the hypodermis that helps remove excess fluid and waste, playing a role in the immune system
Lymph vessel
Part of the hypodermis that transmits sensory information such as pain, temperature, touch and collects deoxygenated blood
Vein
Fine threadlike strands growing from the skin that helps in thermoregulation and protection
Hair/Fur
Part of the hypodermis which is a connective tissue layer that separates and supports muscles, organs and skin
Fascia
Visible part of the hair that provides insulation and protection
Hair shaft
The rooted part of the hair responsible for growth
Hair follicle
Part of the hair that supplies blood and nutrients to the hair follicle for hair production
Papilla of hair
Contracts to raise hair (causing goosebumps) to conserve heat or as a reaction to emotions
Arrector pili muscle
An accessory structure made of keratin that helps in protection and sensation
Nail
The hard keratinized outer layer of the nail. It protects the fingertips and enhances touch sensitivity
Nail plate
The skin beneath the nail, supplying nutrients and supports the nail
Nail bed
The hidden part beneath the skin where new nail cells are produced. It controls the growth and thickness of the nail
Matrix
The white crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail and is a part of the growing nail matrix
Lunula
The skin surrounding the nail on three sides. It provides a protective barrier for the nail
Nail fold
The thin layer of skin at the base of the nail. It protects the nail matrix from bacteria and infection
Cuticle
The part of the nail extending beyond the fingertip. It protects the fingertip and aids in precision tasks
Free edge
Organs that produce one or more substances like hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva and milk
Glands
Gland which produces sebum (oil) to moisturize skin and hair and prevent cracking
Sebaceous gland
A gland that is found all over the body. It secreted watery sweat for body cooling
Eccrine sweat glands
A gland found in the armpits and groin, activated during puberty and linked with body odor
Apocrine sweat glands
The four types of cells found in the epidermis
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans, and merkel cells
The most common cell in the epidermis which produces keratin, developing from the stratum basale and move outward toward that stratum corneum
Keratinocytes
Cells which produce melanin which gives skin its color, originating from the neural crest
Melanocytes
Immune cells that help prevent and fight off skin infections and is a part of the immune system which protects the skin
Langerhans cells
Cells that are tactile receptors that sense pressure changes at the bottom of the epidermis. It is a part of the nervous system that helps the skin connect to nerve endings deeper in the body and most abundant in the fingertips
Merkel cells
List skin derivatives
Hair, nails, scales, feathers, glands, horns, claws, hooves, tusks, etc.
Skin derivatives of a bird
Feathers, claws, beak, comb and wattle (some), podotheca (epidermal covering in bird feet)
