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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integumentary system for?

A

physical protection
thermoregulation
storage of lipids
excretion
synthesis of vitamin D3
sensory info
immune response

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2
Q

what are the three layers of the integumentary system?

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

what are the accessory structures?

A

hair shaft
pore of sweat gland duct
tactile corpuscle
sebaceous gland
arrector pili muscle
sweat gland
hair follicle
lamellated corpuscle
nerve fibers
sweat gland

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4
Q

where are all of the accessory structure found?

A

found in the dermis

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5
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer
reticular layer

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6
Q

what does thin skin cover?

A

covers most of the body

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7
Q

what does thick skin cover?

A

areas that are prone to abrasions

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8
Q

what are the terms thick and thin referring to?

A

numbers of layers in the epidermis

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9
Q

what is the lamellar corpuscle?

A

receptor for vibrations and deep pressure

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10
Q

what does the eccrine sweat gland do?

A

releases sweat

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11
Q

what does the arrector pili muscle do?

A

responsible for goose bumps and hair standing up

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12
Q

what does a sebaceous (oil) gland do?

A

releases oils (sebum)

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13
Q

what is the epidermis composed of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

what is the most superficial layer of the epidermis composed of?

A

flattened, scale like cells in layers

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15
Q

what are the 4 cell types in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
melanocytes
tactile cells
dendritic cells

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16
Q

what does keratinocytes do?

A

makes carotin (hard protein in skin and hair)
keeps moisture in

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17
Q

what does melanocytes do?

A

makes melanin (skin pigment)
makes melonsomes (transporting body for melanin)

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18
Q

what does tactile cells do?

A

detects touch

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19
Q

what does dendritic cells do?

A

immune cells
macrophages (keeps skin clean)

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20
Q

how many layers does thin?

A

4 layers

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21
Q

how many layers does thick skin have?

A

5 layers

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22
Q

where does the epidermis get their blood supply from?

A

from the dermis

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23
Q

what is stratum lucidum?

A

thick skin
gives thick shin there shine

24
Q

What is the life cycle of a keratinocyte?

A

layer of basal stem cells in stratum basale
differentiate in the stratum spinosum
as they get farther away from the nutrient source, begin to die

25
Q

what does melanocytes produce?

A

pigment melanin is produced and accumulates in organelles called melanosomes

26
Q

where are melanosomes most abundant around?

A

around the cell’s nucleus

27
Q

where are melanocytes found?

A

the basal lamina

28
Q

what happens when melanosomes are broken down?

A

lysosomes will break them down so they can release melanin

29
Q

what is the ABCD&E of melanoma?

A

its used to help people detect melanoma early

30
Q

what does ABCD&E stand for in the ABCD&E of melanoma?

A

asymmetry
border
colour
diameter

31
Q

what are tactile cells?

A

found at the stratum basale
sensitive to touch when compressed
release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings

32
Q

what is a tactile cell cancer called?

A

tactile carcinoma

33
Q

where are the dendritic cells located?

A

most prominently located in the superficial portion of the stratum spinosum

34
Q

what is the function of a dendritic cell?

A

immune cells in the skin
phagocytosis

35
Q

what is the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

its the most superficial structure with blood supply
curves to match the epidermal ridges to make finger prints

36
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

a network of dense, irregular connective tissue and collogen

37
Q

what are cleavage lines?

A

separation between underlying collagen fiber bundles in the reticular dermis
runs circularly around the trunk and longitudinally in the limbs

38
Q

how are surgical incisions made?

A

the run parallel to cleavage lines to heal better

39
Q

how are flexure lines formed?

A

where the dermis is closely attached to the subcutaneous tissue

40
Q

what are friction ridges?

A

consists of epidermal ridges that lie on top of dermal ridges

41
Q

what are the sweat ducts on the friction ridges for?

A

help make finger prints

42
Q

what is the cutaneous plexuses?

A

in subcutaneous layer branch adipose tissue and in the dermis to supply hair follicles, glands and other structures

43
Q

what are the branching arteries called in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

papillary plexuses

44
Q

what does the capillary loops follow?

A

the contours of the epidermal-dermal boundary

45
Q

what does an increase blood flow to the skin do?

A

increase heat loss

46
Q

what are the 2 types of exocrine glands?

A

sebaceous glands
sweat glands

47
Q

what do sebaceous glands do?

A

secrete oily lipid that coats hair shaft
provides lubrication and antibacterial action

48
Q

what are the 2 types of sebaceous glands?

A

typical sebaceous glands - hair follicle
sebaceous follicles - skin surface

49
Q

what do sweat glands do?

A

produce watery solution by merocrine secretion
flush epidermal surface

50
Q

what are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A

apocrine sweat glands - hair follicle
merocrine sweat glands - pore

51
Q

what are the 2 special apocrine glands?

A

ceruminous gland - ear wax
mammary gland - milk production

52
Q

what is sebum?

A

waxy, oily secretions sebaceous glands and follicles produce

53
Q

what is a holocrine secretion?

A

alveoli containing cells accumulate fats until the cell burst

54
Q

what does sebum do?

A

lubricates skin =, prevents cracking and hair breakage

55
Q

where are sebaceous glands found?

A

throughout the entire body but the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

56
Q

what are apocrine glands?

A

coiled tubular glands associated with hair follicles that begin secreting cloudy viscous secretions at adolescents

57
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer?

A

composed of loose connective tissue with fat cells
thicker layers help reduce heal loss

Anatomy (4 decks)

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