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Anatomy > Axial skeleton bones and bone markings > Flashcards

Axial skeleton bones and bone markings Flashcards

1
Q

what is a crest?

A

ridged bone

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2
Q

what is a foramen?

A

a hole

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3
Q

what is a hiatus?

A

a large hole

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4
Q

what is a meadis?

A

an opening of a tunnel

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5
Q

what are the regions of the vertebra in order?

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccyx

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6
Q

how many vertebra does the cervical region have?

A

7

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7
Q

how many vertebrae does the thoracic region have?

A

12

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8
Q

how many vertebrae does the lumbar region have?

A

5

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9
Q

how many vertebrae does the sacral region have?

A

5 fused

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10
Q

how many vertebrae does the coccyx region have?

A

4 fused

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11
Q

what curve does the cervical and the lumbar region have?

A

a natural lordosis curve

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12
Q

what type of curve does the thoracic region have?

A

a natural kyphosis curve

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13
Q

what is it called when the spine laterally deviates?

A

scoliosis

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14
Q

what is an unnatural kyphosis cure called?

A

hyper kyphosis

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15
Q

what is an unnatural lordosis curve called?

A

hyper lordosis

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16
Q

what plane is the transverse process in?

A

the transverse plane

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17
Q

where is the lamina?

A

between the spinous process and the transverse process

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18
Q

what passes through the vertebral foramen?

A

the spinal cord

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19
Q

where is the pedicle?

A

between the superior articulating process and the vertebral body

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20
Q

what is laminectomy?

A

it is the removal of the lamina
purpose is to lessen the pressure on the nerve root

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21
Q

what is the atlas?

A

it is C1

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22
Q

what are the three main features of the atlas?

A

the anterior and posterior tubercles
transverse foramen

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23
Q

what is the transverse process in the cervical vertebrae for?

A

the feribral arteries

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24
Q

what is the axis?

A

its C2

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25
Q

what is the main feature of the axis?

A

the dens

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26
Q

what is the dens used for?

A

it will attach to the facet for dens
it is the axis of rotation of the atlas

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27
Q

what is the dens held in place with?

A

its held in place by the transverse ligament

28
Q

what is special about the cervical spinous processes?

A

they are short with a bifid spinous process

29
Q

what is different about C7’s spinous process?

A

it has a long process
helps doctors count on an x-ray

30
Q

what is the superior articular process for?

A

attachment for the vertebrae above

31
Q

what is the transverse costal facet for?

A

its for the tubercle of the rib

32
Q

what is the inferior costal facet for?

A

head of the rib

33
Q

how do you know a thoracic vertebrae?

A

it looks like an elephant

34
Q

what does the lumbar spinous process look like?

A

looks like a moose
short and thick

35
Q

what dies the thoracic vertebral body shaped like??

A

its heart shaped

36
Q

what way is the thoracic spinous process pointing?

A

points inferiorly

37
Q

what is the shape of the thoracic foramen?

A

circle shaped

38
Q

what is the feature the thoracic vertebrae have that the other regions don’t?

A

costal facets

39
Q

what is the shape of the lumbar vertebral body?

A

its kidney shaped

40
Q

what way does the lumbar spinous process point?

A

points posteriorly

41
Q

what is the shape of the lumbar vertebral foramen?

A

its triangular shaped

42
Q

what are the movements allowed in the cervical vertebrae region?

A

flexion, extention, lateral flexion and rotation
has the greatest range of motion

43
Q

what movements are allowed in the thoracic vertebrae region?

A

rotation, lateral flexion and limited flexion and extention

44
Q

why is flexion limited in the thoracic region?

A

due to the long spinous processes

45
Q

what movements are allowed in the lumbar region?

A

flexion, extention
some lateral flexion and extention
rotation is prevented

46
Q

what are the 2 components to a disc?

A

anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus

47
Q

what is the anulus fibrosus?

A

the outside of the disc
its a strong ring

48
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus?

A

gelatinous inside the disc

49
Q

what is the disc for?

A

a shock absorber
cousin between 2 vertebrae

50
Q

what happens when too much flexion in the cervical and the lumbar region?

A

the disc can herniate
the anulus fibrosus will tear and the nucleus pulposus will leak out and put pressure on the nerve root

51
Q

where does the head of the rib attach to?

A

the inferior costal facet

52
Q

where does the tubercle on the rib attach to?

A

the transverse costal facet

53
Q

what are the three parts of the sternum?

A

manubrium
body
xyphoid process

54
Q

what are true ribs?

A

attach to the sternum with own costal cartilage
the first 7 ribs

55
Q

what are false ribs?

A

ribs 8-10
attach to the sternum through rib 7’s costal cartilage

56
Q

what are floating ribs?

A

ribs 11 and 12
they attach to the spine but not the sternum

57
Q

what is the sacral canal and the sacral hiatus for?

A

for neurological tissue

58
Q

what are the transverse ridges on the sacrum?

A

points where the vertebrae are fused together

59
Q

what is the sacral promontory?

A

thick and dense base

60
Q

what is the SI joint?

A

where the sacrum and the lilium of the innominate bone articulate with each other
divided into upper and lower SI joints

61
Q

what does the TMJ joint consist of?

A

the condylar process and the mandible fossa

62
Q

what are in between the two bones in the TMJ?

A

a disc

63
Q

what does the disc in the TMJ do to cause problems?

A

the disc may move and not sit right in the joint

64
Q

where is the hyoid bone?

A

its in the neck

65
Q

what purpose does the hyoid bone serve?

A

its there for tongue muscles

Anatomy (4 decks)

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